The effect of a variable on the rate of reaction

Question 1

What are the different factors ?

Answer 1

= enzyme concentration
= suvstrate concenreation
= temperature
= ph
= inhibitors

Question 2

What is the independant variable?

Answer 2

= temperature

Question 3

What is the dependant variable?

Answer 3

= rate of reaction

Question 4

What is the control variable?

Answer 4

= ph, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration

Question 5

What is trypsin?

Answer 5

= found in small intesine
= hydrolyses peptide bonds into protein- caesin, t produce smaller and more soluable peptides
= protein found in milk

Question 6

What is needed?

Answer 6

= trypsin solution- contains enzyme
= milk powder (3%)- contains complementary protein
= Ph7 buffer- keeps Ph constant, does not affect rate of reaction

Question 7

Why is the milk powder at 3%?

Answer 7

= contains caeisin, substrate
= concentratio needs to remain constant,
= add 3ml of milk powder solution, 97 ml of water

Question 8

What is the method?

Answer 8

= take 2 test tubes- draw an x on each test tube- 2 tubes, one for experimental tube, label t for trupsin, c for control, don’t add trypsin
= to both test tuves 1dd 10cm^3 of 3% milk powder solution
= grab 2 extra tubes, add 4cm^3 PH7 buffer, and 2cm^3 of Ph 7 buffer and tripsin solution, trypsim, and controlm
= incubate all 4 tubes at 20 degrees, for 5 mins, same temperature
= water bath

= add the 4cm^3 of trypsin and PH7 buffer solution to the test tube, t, with milk powder
= add 2cm^3 of the Ph7 buffer solution, to milk powder c,
=and start a timer

= time how long the x becomes visible again, usggests trypsin digested the casein into small soluable peptides

Question 9

what would the results look like?

Answer 9

= t-test tube: c becomes visible, casein has been digested by trypsin and a white precipitation
= c-test tube: x will not be visible, trypsin presemt
= time how long time will take for x to be visible and form a table

Question 10

How to calculate rate?

Answer 10

= 1/time (seconds)

Question 11

What does the results show?

Answer 11

= rate of reaction intiially is slow, enzyme doesn’t have much kinetic energy so less enzyme-substrate complexes are formed
= as temperature increases, more substrate are formed, reaches optimim temperature
= above optimum temperature: rate of reaction decreases rapidly, hydrogen bonds in the actibe site o the teritary structure, so enxyme subsyatye compexes cannot be formed.