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Cardiovascular > The ECG > Flashcards

The ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What does SLL stand for?

A

Standard Limb Leads

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2
Q

Which plane do standard limb leads view events?

A

Vertical/Frontal

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3
Q

Where are SLL 1 connected?

A

Left arm with respect to the right arm

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4
Q

Where are SLL 2 connected?

A

Left leg with respect to the right arm

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5
Q

Where are SLL 3 connected?

A

Left leg with respect to the left arm

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6
Q

What do the standard limb leads measure?

A

The difference in potential between the two limbs that are being recorded

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7
Q

When measuring from the electrode on the left leg, would the potential be positive or negative in relation to the right arm?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Would a wave of repolarisation approaching the left leg cause a positive or negative potential relative to the right arm?

A

Negative

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9
Q

Would a wave of depolarisation going away from the left leg cause a positive or negative potential relative to the right arm?

A

Negative

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10
Q

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

A

Atrial Depolarisation

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11
Q

What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?

A

Ventricular Depolarisation

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12
Q

What does the T wave on an ECG represent?

A

Ventricular Repolarisation

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13
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

The time from atrial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation

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14
Q

What is the normal value for the PR interval?

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

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15
Q

What is the QRS?

A

The time taken for the whole of the ventricle to depolarise

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16
Q

What is the normal value for QRS?

A

0.08 seconds

17
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

The time spent while ventricles are depolarised

18
Q

What is the normal value for the QT interval?

A

It varies with heart rate but is normally about 0.42 seconds at 60bpm

19
Q

Why isn’t atrial repolarisation visible on an ECG?

A

Because atrial repolarisation coincides with ventricular depolarisation which involves much more tissue depolarising much faster and so swamps any signal from atrial repolarisation

20
Q

What does the Q part of the QRS complex represent?

A

The interventricular septum depolarising from left to right

21
Q

What does the R wave of the QRS complex represent?

A

The bulk of the ventricle depolarising from the endocardial to the epicardial surface

22
Q

What does the S wave of the QRS complex represent?

A

The upper part of the interventricular septum depolarises

23
Q

Why is the R wave bigger in SLL 2 than in SLL 1 or 3?

A

Because the main vector of depolarisation is in line with the axis of the recording from the left leg with respect to the right arm

24
Q

Why is the T wave positive?

A

Because the wave of repolarisation is moving away from the recording electrode

25
Q

What extra information do the augmented limb leads give you?

A

Three different perspectives on events in the heart

26
Q

Where does aVR record from?

A

Right arm

27
Q

Where does the aVL record from?

A

Left Arm

28
Q

Where does the aVF record from?

A

Foot

29
Q

What extra information do the precordial (chest) leads give you?

A

These look at the same events but in the transverse plane

30
Q

How many precordial leads are there?

A

Six

31
Q

Will the first chest lead (V1) record a positive or negative blip?

A

Negative

32
Q

Will the sixth chest lead (V6) record a positive or negative blip?

A

Positive

33
Q

What will happen at the third or fourth chest lead?

A

The negative blip will flip over and become a positive blip - progression

34
Q

What can the rhythm strip tell you?

A

Heart Rate

35
Q

What does bradycardia mean?

A

A heart rate below 60bpm

36
Q

What does tachycardia mean?

A

A heart rate above 100bpm

37
Q

What is STEMI?

A

ST elevated myocardial infarction

38
Q

What is NSTEMI?

A

Non ST elevated myocardial infarction

39
Q

Is STEMI better or worse than NSTEMI?

A

Worse

Cardiovascular (23 decks)

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