Anatomy of the CVS (Thorax 2) Flashcards
What are the three divisions of the inferior mediastinum?
Anterior, middle and posterior
What are the main contents of the superior mediastinum?
Thymus gland, brachiocephalic veins, SVC, aortic arch, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, trachea, oesophagus and thoracic duct
What are the main contents of the posterior mediastinum?
Oesophagus, vagus nerve, azygous vein, sympathetic trunk, thoracic duct, descending aorta and splanchnic nerve
Where does the cephalic vein run and where does it drain?
It runs up the lateral side of the arm and drains into the axillary vein
Where does the basilic vein run and which veins does it join with?
It runs up the arm on the medial side and becomes continuous with the brachial veins
What connects the basilic and cephalic veins?
The median cubital
Where does the median cubital lie?
Across the cubital fossa
Where does the long saphenous vein run and where does it drain?
It travels up the leg medially and drains into the femoral
Where does the short saphenous vein run and where does it drain?
It travels up the lower leg posteriorly and drains into the popliteal
What does the popliteal become proximally?
The femoral vein
What does the femoral become proximally?
The external iliac vein
Where does the subclavian artery arise from?
The aortic arch
Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
At the lateral border of the 1st rib
Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
At the inferior border of the teres major muscle
Where does the brachial artery divide into the radial and ulnar arteries?
The cubital fossa
What artery does the external iliac become in the anterior thigh?
The common femoral
What branches does the common femoral give off?
The superficial and deep femoral arteries
Where does the superficial femoral become the popliteal?
In the popliteal fossa
What artery does the posterior tibial artery give off?
Fibular artery
What artery does the anterior tibial artery become?
The dorsalis pedis
What are the layers of a blood vessel wall from inner to outer?
Tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia
What is the tunica intima composed of?
A single layer of endothelial cells and a small amount of subendothelial connective tissue
What separates the tunica intima from the tunica media?
The internal elastic lamina - a dense elastic membrane
What is the tunica media composed of?
Smooth muscle, elastic fibres and connective tissue