The East Before The Crusade

Question 1

What 3 aspects were there in Byzantine foreign policy?

Answer 1

Oikoumene - physical protection of empire
Translatio imperii - true Roman Empire, overlords of Christianity
Supreme religious authority

Question 2

Use of vassal states:

Answer 2

Serbia 874 - allied but run by their own princes

Question 3

Use of treaties:

Answer 3

1027 - emperor and Fatimid Caliph made a treaty for the caliph to rebuild the holy city if the emperor built a mosque in Constantinople

Question 4

Use of force when necessary:

Answer 4

864 - moved troops into border of Bulgaria to force them to accept Christianity

Question 5

Use of divide and rule:

Answer 5

Pechenegs never allowed on friendly terms with the Russians

Question 6

When was the attack on Christian pilgrims? How many died ?

Answer 6

1064, over 5000 died

Question 7

Struggle with the Normans: 
1071-
When was Dyrrhachium?
What recalled the Normans?
1085-

Answer 7

Robert Guiscard took the last byz territory in italy Bari
1081
1082 the Pope to fight against the HRE in Constantinople
Robert died suddenly along with lots of his army in an epidemic

Question 8

How many soldiers did the Byz have in 1071? How many did the Seljuks have and who led each side ?

Answer 8

70,000 Romanus IV Doukas

20,000 Sultan Alp Arslan