The ear structure

Question 1

Pinna

Answer 1

❖DIRECTS sound WAVES into opening of auditory CANAL.

Question 2

Auditory canal

Answer 2

❖CONDUCTS sound WAVES from pinna to EARDRUM.

Question 3

Eardrum/Tympanum

Answer 3

❖TRANSMITS sound WAVES from auditory canal to MIDDEL EAR, via vibrations

Question 4

Ossicles

Answer 4

❖TRANSMIT and AMPLIFY vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window.
Hammer (Malleus), Anvil (Incus), Stirrup (Stapes)

Question 5

Eustachian tube

Answer 5

❖EQUALISES (=) air pressure in the middle ear and the outside so that the membranes can VIABRATE freely.

Question 6

Oval window

Answer 6

❖TRANSMITS vibration from ossicles (stirrup) to inner ear, causing waves in the perilymph of the inner ear.

Question 7

The scalas

Answer 7

❖ Vibrations of oval window cause waves in perilymph of vestibule. These waves move along the scala vestibuli and cause vestibular membrane to vibrate.

Question 8

Organ of Corti

Answer 8

❖ Coverts mechanical stimulus into nerve impulses.

Question 9

Auditory nerve

Answer 9

❖Nerve impulses travel along these nerve fibres TO temporal lobe of cerebral cortex where they are interpreted as sound.

Question 10

Utriculus and Sacculus

Answer 10

❖Have maculae (receptor) that responds to pull pf gravity and registers position of head in space, so when there’s a change in position of the head it results in NI being generated and sent to cerebellum.

Question 11

Semi-circular canals

Answer 11

❖Plays role in informing cerebellum about movement of the head.
❖Its receptors keep cerebellum informed of the position and movements of head so balance of body = maintained.