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Anatomy III > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

The cochlea is the organ of hearing

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2
Q

What is the function of the saccule, utricle and semicircular ducts?

A

Organ of balance. Register changes in body position, especially those of the head.

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3
Q

What parts can the ear be divided into?

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • internal ear
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4
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

The auricle and the external acoustic meatus

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5
Q

What does the middle ear consist of?

A

The tympanic cavity, mastoid cells (air cells) and the auditory tube (eustachian tube)

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6
Q

What is the auditory tube?

A

A tube that connects the pharynx with the tympanic cavity. It is lined by ciliated epithelium.

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7
Q

The tendon if what muscle is attached to the manubrium of the malleus?

A

Tensor tympani muscle

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8
Q

What is the role of the auditory tube?

A

Communication with the pharynx.
Exchange of air and equilibrium of pressure in middle ear.

The opening of the auditory tube only happens when the pharyngeal muscles contract (swallowing).

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9
Q

What does the inner ear consist of?

A

Bony labyrinth which contains the membranous labyrinth and the internal acoustic meatus.

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10
Q

What kind of cartilage is the auricle?

A

Elastic cartilage

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11
Q

What kind of glands lie beneath the epidermis of the external auditory canal?

A

Ceruminous glands

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12
Q

What is the covering of the tympanic membrane externally and internally?

A

Externally: skin
Internally: mucosa

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13
Q

What is the nerve supply of the outer ear?

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve, which branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (anterior)
  • Facial nerve (posteriorly)
  • Vagus and glossopharyngeal
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14
Q

What is the blood supply of the outer ear?

A

External carotid artery:

  • anterior and posterior auricular branches.
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15
Q

Through which openings does the middle ear communicate with the internal ear?

A

Oval window (vestibular window) and round window (cochlear window)

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16
Q

What are the mastoid air cells?

A

Air-containing cavities lined with mucosa in the superior portion of the tympanic cavity. They form a system of chambers that penetrate the entire mastoid bone.

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17
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

The ear bones that together with the eardrum form the sound-conducting apparatus. They are the malleus, incus and stapes

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18
Q

Which auditory bone is attached to the tympanic membrane?

A

The malleus by its manubrium.

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19
Q

Which ear bone is in contact with the vestibular window?

A

The footplate of the stapes

20
Q

What closes the vestibular window?

A

The footplate of the stapes

21
Q

How does the auditory ossicles transmit sound?

A

They transmit the vibrations of the tympanic membrane. The footplate of the stapes transmits the vibrations to the fluid of the inner ear.

22
Q

Which muscles control the tension of the bones in the tympanic cavity?

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

23
Q

What is the promontory of the tympanic cavity?

A

The cochlea bulging into the tympanic cavity

24
Q

What nerve plexus lies above the promontory in the tympanic cavity?

A

Tympanic plexus, formed by the tympanic nerve of the glossopharyngeal nerve and sympathetic fibers of the carotid plexus from the internal carotid artery.

25
Q

In which wall of the tympanic cavity are the oval and round windows?

A

Medial wall

26
Q

What closes the cochlear window?

A

Secondary tympanic membrane

27
Q

In which wall of the tympanic cavity does the facial canal run?

A

Posterior

28
Q

In which wall of the tympanic cavity can you find the lateral semicircular canal?

A

Posterior

29
Q

In which canal lies the tensor tympani muscle?

A

In the semicanal of the tensor tympani muscle.

30
Q

What does the musculotubal canal consist of?

A

Semicanal of tensor tympani muscle and semicanal of auditory tube with the bony septum between them.

31
Q

Which wall of the tympanic cavity is the jugular wall?

A

The floor of the cavity. The jugular vein lies beneath it.

32
Q

Which wall of the tympanic cavity is the carotid wall?

A

Medial wall

33
Q

What is the insertion and origin of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

It originates from the cartilaginous wall of the semicanal of the tensor tympani muscle and it inserts on the manubrium of the malleus.

34
Q

What is the action of the tensor tympani?

A

The tensor tympani muscle pulls the eardrum inward and pushes the footplate of the stapes into the vestibular window, thus increasing the sensitivity of transmission.

35
Q

Which nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle?

A

Tensor tympani nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the stapedius?

A

The stapedius originates in a bony canal that communicates with the facial canal. Its tendon inserts on the stapes.

37
Q

What is the action of the stapedius?

A

The stapedius muscle levers the footplate of the stapedius out of the vestibular window, which dampens transmission.

38
Q

Which nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?

A

Facial nerve by the stapedius nerve

39
Q

What is the content of the osseous labyrinth and what is the content of the membranous labyrinth?

A

Osseous labyrinth: perilymph

Membranous labyrinth: endolymph

40
Q

The perilymphatic duct lets the osseous labyrinth communicates with what?

A

The subarachnoid space

41
Q

What does the vestibular window lead into from the tympanic cavity?

A

The vestibule of the ear.

42
Q

What are the two parts of the vestibule?

A

The saccule and the utricle.

43
Q

In which parts of the saccule and the utricle can you find sensory epithelium?

A

In the macula of the saccule and the macula of the utricle.

44
Q

The perilymphatic spaces above and below the membranous parts of the cochlea are called what?

A

Scala vestibuli (above) and scala tympani (below)

45
Q

Each semicircular duct have a membranous ampulla that contains what kind of epithelium?

A

Sensory epithelium, the ampullary crest

Anatomy III (8 decks)

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