The Ear

Question 1

what is the basic anatomy of the ear?

Answer 1

pinna
external ear canal
tympanic membrane
middle ear
inner ear

Question 2

what are the functions of the external ear?

Answer 2

collect sound waves
conduct sound waves to tympanic membrane
determine origin of sound waves

Question 3

what is the cartilage of the ear that expands to form pinna and is funnel shaped?

Answer 3

auricular

Question 4

what is the cartilage of the ear that fits w/in the auricular, overlaps the osseous external auditory meatus, and is for flexibility?

Answer 4

annular

Question 5

what are the components of the external ear canal?

Answer 5

helix (rostra)
tragus (lateral)
antitragus (caudal)
intertragic incisure

Question 6

what is the name of the division between the vertical and horizontal canal?

Answer 6

noxon’s ridge

Question 7

what are bacteria which are normal microflora in the outer ear?

Answer 7

staphylococci
micrococcus spp.
beta-streptococcus
corynebacterium spp.

Question 8

what is the name of yeast normally found in outer ears?

Answer 8

malassezia pachydermatis

Question 9

which ear gland is superficial and the dutcs open into the hair follicle?

Answer 9

sebaceous

Question 10

which ear gland is simple & coiled, located deep to the sebacious glands, are modified apocrine glands, and ducts open into the hair follicle or surface of the ear?

Answer 10

ceruminous

Question 11

what is the emulsion along the ear canal which is removed by epithelial migration, and is the secretions of desquamated keratinize epithelial cells?

Answer 11

cerumen

Question 12

what are the components of the middle ear?

Answer 12

tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
typanic cavity
eustachian (auditory) tube

Question 13

what are the three parts of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 13

pars flaccida
pars tensa
stria mallearis

Question 14

a bulging pars flaccida is not an indication of otitis media except for in ___ ?

Answer 14

Charles king cocker spaniel dogs

Question 15

what are the three auditory ossicles?

Answer 15

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 16

where does the stapes base attach to?

Answer 16

round window

Question 17

what is the muscle that inserts on the malleus?

Answer 17

tensor tympani m.

Question 18

what is the muscle that inserts on the stapes?

Answer 18

stapedius m.

Question 19

what are the three parts of the tympanic cavity?

Answer 19

epitympanic recess
ventral tympanic cavity
tympanic cavity proper

Question 20

what are the three windows in the tympanic cavity?

Answer 20

round window
oval window
auditory tube

Question 21

cats have complete while dogs have an incomplete ___?

Answer 21

bulla septum

Question 22

what is the name of the ridge separating the bulla septum in the dog?

Answer 22

rosychuk’s ridge

Question 23

where is the inner ear housed?

Answer 23

bony labyrinth

Question 24

where is the bony labyrinth housed?

Answer 24

membranous labyrinth

Question 25

the cochlea is housed within the ___ ___ bone

Answer 25

petrous temporal

Question 26

what is the superior duct of the cochlea?

Answer 26

scala vestibuli

Question 27

what is the medial duct of the cochlea?

Answer 27

scala media

Question 28

what is the inferior duct of the cochlea?

Answer 28

scala tympani

Question 29

what is the name of the membrane which is the floor of the scala vestibule and the roof of the scala media?

Answer 29

ressner's membrane

Question 30

what is the name of the membrane which is the floor of the scala media and the roof of the scala tympani?

Answer 30

basilar membrane

Question 31

what are the two fluids of the scalae of the cochlea?

Answer 31

perilymph endolymph

Question 32

where is perilymph found in in the cochlea?

Answer 32

scala vestiboli scala tympani

Question 33

where is endolymph found in the cochlea?

Answer 33

scala media

Question 34

what is the outer wall of the cochlea?

Answer 34

spiral ligament

Question 35

what composes the stria vascularis of the cochlea?

Answer 35

blood vessels endolymph

Question 36

what are the components of the organ of corti?

Answer 36

tectorial membrane reticular lamina hair cells (inner & outer) supporting cells basilar membrane

Question 37

which hair cell is the actual receptor for hearing?

Answer 37

inner hair cell

Question 38

whihc hair cell adjusts the tuning and sensitivity of the inner hair cell?

Answer 38

outer hair cell

Question 39

which hair cell is most susceptible to damage?

Answer 39

outer hair cell

Question 40

what is the dorsal component of the hair cell that sticks out past the cell?

Answer 40

stereocilia

Question 41

what is the name for the tallest stereocilia?

Answer 41

kinocilium

Question 42

what are the steps for sound to be "heard"?

Answer 42

mechanical input from stapes to oval window expansion of round window compression wave - stapes in, round window out, basilar membrane down rarefaction wave - round window in, basilar membrane up, stapes out, depolarize vibratory inputn set up traveling wave

Question 43

what is determined by the rate of action potentials firing?

Answer 43

intensity

Question 44

what is determined by the portion of the organ of corti that is stimulated?

Answer 44

frequency

Question 45

what is determined by higher central auditory nervous centers comparing sounds from both ears, requiring biaural hearing?

Answer 45

location

Question 46

the auditory nerve is part of cranial nerve ___

Answer 46

8

Question 47

what two parts does the auditory nerve connect?

Answer 47

cochlea brainstem

Question 48

where does the auditory nerve course through in the petrous temporal bone?

Answer 48

internal auditory meatus

Question 49

what is the order of the auditory system within the brain?

Answer 49

cochlear nucleus superior olivary complex lateral leminiscus inferior colliculus medial geniculate body auditory cortex

Question 50

which type of hearing loss is due to sound being unable to reach cochlea and auditory nerve, such as wax, medications, or infection?

Answer 50

conductive hearing loss

Question 51

which type of hearing loss is due to damage/abnormality of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve, such as drugs, presbycusis, noise induced?

Answer 51

sensorineural