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Healthy Limb > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic anatomy of the ear?

A

pinna
external ear canal
tympanic membrane
middle ear
inner ear

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2
Q

what are the functions of the external ear?

A

collect sound waves
conduct sound waves to tympanic membrane
determine origin of sound waves

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3
Q

what is the cartilage of the ear that expands to form pinna and is funnel shaped?

A

auricular

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4
Q

what is the cartilage of the ear that fits w/in the auricular, overlaps the osseous external auditory meatus, and is for flexibility?

A

annular

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5
Q

what are the components of the external ear canal?

A

helix (rostra)
tragus (lateral)
antitragus (caudal)
intertragic incisure

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6
Q

what is the name of the division between the vertical and horizontal canal?

A

noxon’s ridge

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7
Q

what are bacteria which are normal microflora in the outer ear?

A

staphylococci
micrococcus spp.
beta-streptococcus
corynebacterium spp.

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8
Q

what is the name of yeast normally found in outer ears?

A

malassezia pachydermatis

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9
Q

which ear gland is superficial and the dutcs open into the hair follicle?

A

sebaceous

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10
Q

which ear gland is simple & coiled, located deep to the sebacious glands, are modified apocrine glands, and ducts open into the hair follicle or surface of the ear?

A

ceruminous

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11
Q

what is the emulsion along the ear canal which is removed by epithelial migration, and is the secretions of desquamated keratinize epithelial cells?

A

cerumen

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12
Q

what are the components of the middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
typanic cavity
eustachian (auditory) tube

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13
Q

what are the three parts of the tympanic membrane?

A

pars flaccida
pars tensa
stria mallearis

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14
Q

a bulging pars flaccida is not an indication of otitis media except for in ___ ?

A

Charles king cocker spaniel dogs

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15
Q

what are the three auditory ossicles?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

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16
Q

where does the stapes base attach to?

A

round window

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17
Q

what is the muscle that inserts on the malleus?

A

tensor tympani m.

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18
Q

what is the muscle that inserts on the stapes?

A

stapedius m.

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19
Q

what are the three parts of the tympanic cavity?

A

epitympanic recess
ventral tympanic cavity
tympanic cavity proper

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20
Q

what are the three windows in the tympanic cavity?

A

round window
oval window
auditory tube

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21
Q

cats have complete while dogs have an incomplete ___?

A

bulla septum

22
Q

what is the name of the ridge separating the bulla septum in the dog?

A

rosychuk’s ridge

23
Q

where is the inner ear housed?

A

bony labyrinth

24
Q

where is the bony labyrinth housed?

A

membranous labyrinth

25
Q

the cochlea is housed within the ___ ___ bone

A

petrous temporal

26
Q

what is the superior duct of the cochlea?

A

scala vestibuli

27
Q

what is the medial duct of the cochlea?

A

scala media

28
Q

what is the inferior duct of the cochlea?

A

scala tympani

29
Q

what is the name of the membrane which is the floor of the scala vestibule and the roof of the scala media?

A

ressner’s membrane

30
Q

what is the name of the membrane which is the floor of the scala media and the roof of the scala tympani?

A

basilar membrane

31
Q

what are the two fluids of the scalae of the cochlea?

A

perilymph
endolymph

32
Q

where is perilymph found in in the cochlea?

A

scala vestiboli
scala tympani

33
Q

where is endolymph found in the cochlea?

A

scala media

34
Q

what is the outer wall of the cochlea?

A

spiral ligament

35
Q

what composes the stria vascularis of the cochlea?

A

blood vessels
endolymph

36
Q

what are the components of the organ of corti?

A

tectorial membrane
reticular lamina
hair cells (inner & outer)
supporting cells
basilar membrane

37
Q

which hair cell is the actual receptor for hearing?

A

inner hair cell

38
Q

whihc hair cell adjusts the tuning and sensitivity of the inner hair cell?

A

outer hair cell

39
Q

which hair cell is most susceptible to damage?

A

outer hair cell

40
Q

what is the dorsal component of the hair cell that sticks out past the cell?

A

stereocilia

41
Q

what is the name for the tallest stereocilia?

A

kinocilium

42
Q

what are the steps for sound to be “heard”?

A

mechanical input from stapes to oval window
expansion of round window

compression wave - stapes in, round window out, basilar membrane down

rarefaction wave - round window in, basilar membrane up, stapes out, depolarize

vibratory inputn set up traveling wave

43
Q

what is determined by the rate of action potentials firing?

A

intensity

44
Q

what is determined by the portion of the organ of corti that is stimulated?

A

frequency

45
Q

what is determined by higher central auditory nervous centers comparing sounds from both ears, requiring biaural hearing?

A

location

46
Q

the auditory nerve is part of cranial nerve ___

A

8

47
Q

what two parts does the auditory nerve connect?

A

cochlea
brainstem

48
Q

where does the auditory nerve course through in the petrous temporal bone?

A

internal auditory meatus

49
Q

what is the order of the auditory system within the brain?

A

cochlear nucleus
superior olivary complex
lateral leminiscus
inferior colliculus
medial geniculate body
auditory cortex

50
Q

which type of hearing loss is due to sound being unable to reach cochlea and auditory nerve, such as wax, medications, or infection?

A

conductive hearing loss

51
Q

which type of hearing loss is due to damage/abnormality of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve, such as drugs, presbycusis, noise induced?

A

sensorineural

Healthy Limb (14 decks)

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