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D3 Condensed > The Dordogne & SW France Copied & Amended > Flashcards

The Dordogne & SW France Copied & Amended Flashcards

1
Q

What river runs through Cahors and what are the soil types?

A

The River Lot

Fertile alluvial soils at bottom of Lot river valley - higher yields and less concentration in the wines

mid slope - poorer soils - with more concentration in the wines

Top of the slope - plateau - lower yield and higher concentration

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2
Q

What white grape is predominantly grown in Cotes de Gascogne?

A

Ugni Blanc

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3
Q

What types of wine are produced in Cotes de Gascogne?

From which grapes?

A

Reds and Rosé: mostly Bordeaux varietals

Whites: Ugni Blanc and Bordeaux varietals.

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4
Q

Is Botrytis used to make Jurancon sweet wines?

A

No, Passerillage (leaving grapes on the vine to dry.)

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5
Q

The Dordogne region is located East of which section of Bordeaux?

A

Entre-deux-mers.

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6
Q

What is the only type of wine made in Madiran AOP? What grape is used in high proportion in their red wines?

What are the secondary grapes used?

A

Red

Tannat

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Fer

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7
Q

Mechanical harvesting is illegal in Monbazillac AOP.

True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

Where is Jurancon?

A

Foothills of the Pyrenees, just north of the Spanish border.

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9
Q

Jurançon is located in which département?

Famous for sweet wines made from which grape? Famous for dry wines made from which grape?

A

Pyrénées Atlantique département

Sweet: Petit Manseng

Dry: Gros Manseng

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10
Q

What is the largest appellation immediately to the SE of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?

What kinds of wine are produced there?

What varietals are used?

A

Bergerac

Red/White/Rosé

Bordeaux varietals.

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11
Q

What is the color and style of Cahors wine?

A

Reds aged in oak delivering deep colour, high tannins and dark berry fruit.

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12
Q

Roughly how is the climate of Dordogne?

A

Similar to Bordeaux but with less moderating maritime influence

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13
Q

Where is Madiran, what wine does it produce and primarily based on which grape?

Producers may make sweet white wines under which appellation?

A

South-West of Cotes de Gascogne

High tannin reds, primarily from Tannat

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP.

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14
Q

Cahors - Wine Business?

A

Wine Business of Cahors

80% produced by private companies

20% by one cooperative – VINOVALIE

Using success of Argentinian Malbec to market itself – ‘the original Malbec’

Introduced a voluntary quality code:

Tradition: inexpensive, 75-85% Malbec, on river flats

Prestige: mid priced, often on mid slope

Speciale: mainly 100% Malbec, normally grown on high plateau

Sales

70% of wine is sold in France, Supermarkets and direct sales

30% is exported and growing

Top markets are UK, Canada and USA

UK is biggest in volume but Canada and USA are bigger in value

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15
Q

Madiran AOC rules for Winemaking

A

AOC rules

Madiran AOC must be 60-80% Tannat

Can be blended with Cabernet F, Cabernet S, and local variety FER

Grapes must be destemmed

Max. yield is 55 hL/Ha.

Wines can only be sold from November of the following year of harvest

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16
Q

Wine Business - Madiran

A

Wine business

80% of Madiran is sold in France (50% Supermarkets, 20% directly)

20% exported, mainly Belgium, Germany and Canada

Leading producers: Alain Brumont (Chateau Bouscassé and Chateau Montus).

Most of the top wines 100% Tannat

Production split 50/50 between private wineries and cooperatives

Cooperatives – Cave de Crouseilles and Plaimont

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17
Q

What are the AOC wines of Jurancon and what are AOC rules for winemaking

A

Jurancon Sec

max. yield 60 hL/Ha.

A dry white wine

Jurancon

Medium sweet wine

Min. 40 g/l RS

Max. yield of 40 hL/Ha.

Jurancon Vendanges Tardives

Sweet wine

Min. 55 g/l RS

No enrichment allowed

Max. yield of 40 hL/Ha.

Petit and Gros Manseng exclusively

Grapes for this wine – can’t be picked before 2nd November!

High quality sweet wines

Made predominantly with Petit Manseng

Typically fermented in barriques

Aged in them for 12-18 months

Top tier use new oak

For the sweet wines – no MLF is allowed to preserve acidity and primary fruit

18
Q

climate of Jurancon?

A
  • Climate
    • hilly relatively cool corner (300mRL hi) at the foot of the Pyrenees
    • 1200mm of rainfall throughout the year
    • Mild and humid climate with spring frost and fungal risk
    • A southern breeze, called the ‘Fohn’
      • Helps to dry out canopy
      • Raises the temperature and assists ripening
19
Q

topography and soils of Jurancon

A
  • Topography and soils
    • Vineyards planted on slopes to avoid frost risk and improve drainage
    • South or South-west facing slopes are best for ripening
    • Some are steep enough to require terracing
    • Soils are a mixture of limestone, sand, clay and stones
20
Q

Jurancon Vendange Tardive

A
  • Jurancon Vendanges Tardives (late harvest)
    • Sweet wine
    • Min. 55 g/l RS
    • No enrichment allowed
    • Max. yield of 40 hL/Ha.
    • Petit and Gros Manseng exclusively
    • Wines:
      • Pronounced intensity aromas of lemon & mango, high acidity
      • alcohol between medium and high
      • full body
      • very good to outstanding in quality, mid-priced to premium in price
    • Grapes for this wine – can’t be picked before 2nd November!
21
Q

the Jurancon wine?

A
  • Jurancon
    • Medium sweet wine
    • Good to very good quality
    • Inexpensive to mid-priced
    • Min. 40 g/l RS
    • Max. yield of 40 hL/Ha.
22
Q

Jurancon Sec?

A
  • Jurancon Sec
    • max. yield 60 hL/Ha.
    • A dry white wine
23
Q

Petit Manseng

A
  • Petit Manseng
    • Early budding – prone to spring frost
    • Mid to late ripening
    • Has thick skins – resistant to botrytis bunch rot
    • Highly aromatic and retains high acidity
24
Q

Gros Manseng

A
  • Gros Manseng
    • Similar to Petit Manseng – but higher yields
    • Produces wines of less elegant, less rich than Petit Manseng
    • Not as high in quality as Petit Manseng
    • Used predominantly for dry wines
25
Q

Typical Jurancon sweet wines are made from and how?

A
  • High quality sweet wines are:
    • Made predominantly with Petit Manseng
    • Typically fermented in barriques
    • Aged in them for 12-18 months
    • Top tier use new oak
26
Q

Bergerac AOC is located where?

what is the climate and soils like?

what does it produce?

A
  • Eastern continuation of right bank and Entre-deux-mers with vineyards on both sides of the Dordogne
  • Climate between maritime and continental – slightly warmer than Bordeaux
  • Soils from alluvial silt to clay and limestone on higher terraces
  • Produces 50% REDS, 40% WHITES and 10% ROSE
27
Q

What are the grapegrowing and winemaking rules of Bergerac AOC?

A
  • Grapegrowing
    • mainly Bordeaux varietals are grown
    • Cabernet S, Cabernet F, Merlot, Malbec
    • But there are smaller local varieties allowed
  • Winemaking AOC rules
    • Allowed to make Red, White (dry and sweet), Rose
    • Max. yields are 55 hL/Ha.
    • Red wine
      • At least two of CabS, CabF, Merlot or Malbec must be 50% of blend
      • And other lesser known international varietals are allowed
      • Normally aged in SSteel or oak casks
28
Q

Typically the wines of Bergerac are?

A
  • Typically, these AOCs
    • Good to very good in quality
    • Inexpensive to mid-priced
29
Q

Sales of Bergerac are made where and to whom?

A
  • Sales
    • 90% of Bergerac AOC is sold in France
    • Supermarkets are the main customers
    • Direct customers are second in line
    • Main export markets are China, Belgium and UK
30
Q

Monbazillac AOC is where?

A

South bank of Dordogne and a sub region of Bergerac

31
Q

Climate of Monbazillac?

A
  • The climate
    • Moist air over the river with high levels of humidity
    • Perfect for development of noble rot
    • The humidity is burnt off by afternoon
32
Q

Grapegrowing of Monbazillac?

A
  • Grape growing
    • Botrytised whites made from Sémillon, Sauvignon blanc and Muscadelle
    • Mechanical harvesting banned
33
Q

Climate of Cahors

A

Influenced by the Atlantic, but great sun exposure with cold winters, dry summers - drier and warmer than Bordeaux

34
Q

Viticulture in Cahors?

A
  • Viticulture
    • Warm dry climate allows Malbec and Tannat to fully ripen
    • Organic viticulture is widely practiced due to climate
    • Varying soil types
      • Lot River soils are rich alluvial soils and give high yields, low concentration
      • Mid slope – poorer soils, lower yields, high concentration
      • Plateau – poor limestone soils, low yields and high concentration
    • Different pruning/training techniques – bush vine, cordon trained, cane with VSP
    • Machine picking on flatter ground
    • Hand picking on steeper slopes – allows sorting for higher quality outcome
35
Q

Wine style and varietal characteristics of Malbec in Cahors

A
  • Wine techniques and style
    • Most high-quality Cahors is 90 to 100% Malbec
    • Generally - very tannic when young and benefit from ageing; berries, liquorice and herbs flavours
    • Generally, this varietal makes
      • Deep ruby colour
      • Medium to pronounced flavours, violet, red, black plum
      • Medium to medium+ acidity
      • Medium+ to high tannins
      • Very good examples are aged in French Oak
      • Range from good to outstanding and are mid to premium in price
36
Q

Winemaking techniques and resulting styles of Cahors

A
  • Style of Cahors
    • Early drinking
      • has Merlot in blend
      • Limited maceration, 7-10 days on skins
    • Intended for bottle ageing
      • 15-25 days on skins for greater extraction
    • The higher quality Cahors will be matured in French Oak barriques – which adds sweet spice, cedar and vanilla
37
Q

Cahors - who are the main producers?

A

20% is cooperative production

balance is by private companies

38
Q

Climate and topography & soils of Madiran

A
  • Climate
    • 1000mm of rainfall, mainly Winter and Spring
    • 80kms from Atlantic, with some Atlantic influence
    • A dry southern wind ‘Fohn’ helps to ripen the fruit in Summer
  • Topography and soils
    • Four large parallel ridges, North-South orientation
    • Western side is steep
    • Mainly clay, limestone soils with good drainage on slopes
    • Flatter land is clay, limestone and some loam
39
Q

Tannat

A
  • Tannat
    • AOC stipulates Cordon de Royat or a cane replacement system
    • Susceptible to botrytis bunch rot
    • Needs to be picked with ripe tannins
    • Very tannic variety
    • Mid ripening, normally picked before Autumn rains
    • Vigorous – needs to be supported on a trellis
    • The slopes in Madiran produce more tannic grapes whereas the flats produce less tannic grapes which produce more approachable wines
    • The key grape varietal of Madiran
40
Q

Winemaking for Tannat and the resulting wine style?

A
  • Tannat
    • Typically, deep ruby in colour
    • Pronounced aromas of blackberry, blackcurrant
    • High tannins, high acidity
    • Full body and alcohol from medium to high
    • Makes wines of very good to outstanding quality – mid to premium priced
    • The high tannin level can be managed for earlier drinking
    • Methods to manage tannins:
      • Microoxygenation – the bubbling of small amounts of oxygen through the wine to soften the tannins – and enables the wine to be approachable sooner
      • Picking the grapes riper so less astringent tannins
      • Soft pressing to lessen extraction of tannins
      • Blending of varietals with softer tannins
41
Q

the business of Madiran?

who are the main producers?

Exports?

A
  • Wine business
    • 80% of Madiran is sold in France (50% Supermarkets, 20% directly)
    • 20% exported, mainly Belgium, Germany and Canada
    • Leading producers: Alain Brumont (Chateau Bouscassé and Chateau Montus).
    • Most of the top wines 100% Tannat
    • Production split 50/50 between private wineries and cooperatives
    • Cooperatives – Cave de Crouseilles and Plaimont

D3 Condensed (27 decks)

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