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California & USA Overview Condensed Flashcards

1
Q

Paso Robles AVA is generally divided into 2 sections.

What are they and what are the differences of

Climate

Soil Type

Varieties Planted

A

It has two distinct zones;

  • Cooler to the west, tempered by marine air funneled through the Templeton Gap. Warmer and more arid east of the Salinas River.
  • To the west, calcareous soils are higher in limestone. To the east, sandier and more fertile.
  • The west is famous for Zinfandel and Rhone varieties.
  • The east produces fruity wines for high-volume brands.
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2
Q

What percentage of USA wine produced by volume is Californian - 60%, 80%, 90%?

A

80%

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3
Q

California produces 80% of USA wine - how many litres sold, how much of total USA exports is it, how many grape growers and wineries?

A
  • California is the largest producer
    • Sales of 25 million hL
    • 3.9 million hL exported – 90% of USA exports
    • 5900 grape growers
    • 4800 bonded wineries
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4
Q

Name the 3 AVAs on the West-facing side of Napa Valley:

A

Atlas Peak AVA

Chiles Valley District AVA

Howell Moutain AVA

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5
Q

The Santa Ynez Valley AVA encompasses which 4 smaller AVAs within its borders?

A

Sta. Rita Hills - most westerly, famous Pinot Noir

Ballard canyon - small - warmer - Syrah/Grenache

Los Olivos - alluvial terraces, low diurnal range, Red varietals

Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara - high altitude sites, high diurnal range - Cab Sav and Sauvignon Blanc

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6
Q

describe the Central Valley and the two valleys within it.

A

Central Valley

  • Very large growing area which entirely inland
  • Consists of two valleys – Sacramento valley and San Joaquin valley
    • Sacramento – northern part and 6,700 Ha.
    • San Joaquin valley – southern part and 61,000 Ha.
  • between coastal ranges and Sierra Nevada range
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7
Q

Approximately about how many wineries are there in California?

A

3,700

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8
Q

What are AVAs?

A
  • AVAs are designated grape growing regions – with unique geological and geographical features
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9
Q

Is Central Valley an AVA?

A
  • No. San Joaquin valley or Sacramento valley are NOT AVAs nor is Central Valley
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10
Q

What is the primary cooling influence in Stags Leap and Oakville AVAs?

A

Fog

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11
Q

Phylloxera has never been a problem in California.

True or False?

A

False

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12
Q

What accounts for Zinfandel’s high alcohol, full body and (sometimes) residual sugar?

A

Uneven ripeness in the bunch (Millerandage)

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13
Q

Santa Cruz mountains AVA - viti, wines and producers

A
  • Santa Cruz mountains AVA
    • part of the Coast Range mountains
    • includes three counties – Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and San Mateo
    • vineyards
      • mainly at high altitudes – up to almost 800 metres
      • planted along a ridge line
      • altitude helps to moderate the temperatures
      • cool air slips down the slopes at night – forcing warm air up and nights are relatively warm, and frost is prevented
      • Varieties
        • Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are the most planted
        • Eastern side – warmer – better for Zinfandel, Cabernet S and Merlot
      • Wines
        • Good to outstanding in quality
        • Mid-priced to super premium priced!
      • Producers
        • Ridge Vineyards

Mount Eden Vineyards

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14
Q

What are the mountain ranges to the West and East of Napa Valley?

A

Mayacamas to the West.

Vaca mountains to the East

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15
Q

Despite being so far south, why is California’s Santa Barbara County well-suited for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay production?

A
  • Proximity to Pacific Ocean breezes, maritime influence. No obstacles to block cooling effects.
  • Very long growing season (longest in California)
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16
Q

What is said to be the signature variety in California?

A

Zinfandel

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17
Q

What are 4 factors that help to cool the Napa Valley AVA?

A
  1. Morning fogs and cool afternoon breezes from San Pablo Bay.
  2. Cool air from the Chalk Hill gap in the Mayacamas Mountains.
  3. Cool night-time temperatures
  4. High altitude in some AVAs.
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18
Q

Which two Napa AVAs typically produce the most concentrated, fullest-bodied Cabernet Sauvignons in the valley?

Why?

A

Saint Helena AVA and Calistoga AVA

They receive the warmest daytime temperatures.

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19
Q

Name 5 California AVAs where you could get premium quality Chardonnay

A

Los Carneros AVA

Russian River AVA

Sonoma Valley AVA

Santa Cruz Mountains AVA

Santa Maria Valley AVA

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20
Q

What is the most significant AVA of San Luis Obispo County?

What topological factor stand out about this AVA compared to others in California?

A

Paso Robles AVA

The mountains lie east-west rather than north-south, encouraging sea breezes on to the mainland.

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21
Q

Name 3 AVAs on Napa Valley’s East-facing slope:

A

Mount Veeder AVA

Spring Mountain District AVA

Diamond Mountain District AVA

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22
Q

Name 2 AVAs in Santa Barbara County

A

Santa Maria Valley AVA and Santa Ynez Valley AVA

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23
Q

Lake, Solano, and Marin Counties are within what AVA?

A

North Coast AVA

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24
Q

Which varieties are most grown in Anderson Valley AVA?

And for which variety is it reputed for?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay plus aromatic varieties, Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc in Alsace styles

Reputed for good to outstanding quality Pinot Noir

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25
Q

The AVAs of Santa Barbara county are located where, and describe the climate and its factors

A
  • AVAs located in Transverse Ranges
    • A section of the Southern Coast ranges
    • Due to plate tectonic shifts – run east-west
    • Western side of ranges funnels in cooling breezes and fog eastward – lowering temperatures significantly
    • Western side cooler and windier than eastern side
    • Air circulation keeps the risk of fungal disease and frost low
    • Long growing season into Autumn
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26
Q

Which grape is Stags Leap District AVA, Oakville AVA and Rutherford AVA most renowned for and which of the 3 is reputed to make the most concentrated?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Rutherford makes the most concentrated wines because it receives the least influence from San Pablo Bay and is the warmest during the day.

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27
Q

The sale of alcohol in the USA is complex - state some of its key mechanics

A
  • Regulatory control of distribution and sale of alcoholic beverages:
    • controlled at a state level
    • ceded control by the Federal govt. at the end of prohibition
    • states adopted the ‘three tier system’ preventing direct to retail sales by producers
    • there are drastically different rules over the fifty states!
    • Increasing number of states allow direct to consumer sales – and transport across state lines to the consumer
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28
Q

Which pair of California AVAs are most renowned for their old Vine Zinfandel?

A

Lodi AVA and Dry Creek Valley AVA

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29
Q

What is Loess soil?

A

Predominantly alluvial topsoil that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

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30
Q

In which county will you find Anderson Valley AVA?

A

Mendocino County

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31
Q

If a varietal is stated on the label what the labelling requirements under Federal labelling law?

A
  • Varietal claims
    • must have 75% from that variety in the wine
    • Appellation of origin must be stated with varietal
    • If two or more varietals then percentages must be stated on label
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32
Q

When was Prohibition in the United States?

A

1920-1933

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33
Q

What is the main effect fog has on grapes in Napa Valley?

Where does the fog come from?

A

The fog helps valley floor sub regions cooler resulting in fresher fruit

The fog and afternoon breezes come from San Pablo bay (northern extension of San Francisco Bay)

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34
Q

Lodi is well known for a varietal, name and discuss it

A
  • Well known for Zinfandel
    • Some vines over 100 years old
    • Sandy soils have helped to reduce prevalence of phylloxera
    • Styles: medium to full-bodied, medium to medium+ acidity, ripe tannins, flavours of cherry, blueberry and blackberry
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35
Q

Hames Valley, Chalone, and Arroyo Seco are AVAs in which California county?

A

Monterey

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36
Q

What are 6 important AVAs of Sonoma County?

A
  • Los Carneros (shared w/ Napa Valley)
  • Sonoma Valley
  • Sonoma Coast
  • Russian River Valley
  • Alexander Valley
  • Dry Creek Valley
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37
Q

What % do the top ten wineries represent of domestic wine sales in the USA?

A
  • The ten largest wineries represent more than 90% of the wine sold domestically by volume!
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38
Q

Which government agency oversees the creation of new AVAs?

A

Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)

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39
Q

Napa Valley is best described as what type of climate?

A

Mediterranean

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40
Q

Name 4 US AVAs where you would expect quality Pinot Noir

A

Los Carneros AVA

Russian River Valley AVA

Santa Maria Valley AVA

Willamette Valley AVA

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41
Q

Which is the largest wine company in California?

A

E & J Gallo

42
Q

There are 242 AVAs in the USA, how many are in California?

A
  • 60% or 140 of AVAs are in California
43
Q

What winery first labeled Sauvignon Blanc as Fumé Blanc in the United States?

A

Robert Mondavi

44
Q

Which of the 4 major AVAs produces the least amount of wine by volume?

Which 2 counties for its north and south borders?

A

South Coast AVA

Los Angeles County to the north, San Diego County to the south.

45
Q

Name 5 AVAs that are above the fog line in Napa

How are these AVAs cooled?

A

Howell Mountain AVA

Atlas Peak AVA

Diamond Mountain District AVA

Spring Mountain District AVA

Mount Veeder AVA

-They are cooled by altitude

46
Q

Where in California could you find Aromatic whites e.g. Riesling and Gewurztraminer?

Which county is it located in?

A

Anderson Valley AVA

Mendocino County

47
Q

Describe a typical Zinfandel wine:

A

Dry (often with perceptible RS),

Full Body, Moderate Tannin, Moderate to Elevated Acidity,

Elevated to High Alcohol

-Jammy Red/Black fruit, dried berries, licorice.

48
Q

General climate of California?

A

Mediterranean climate moderated by Pacific fogs and cool sea winds (in places) that slow the ripening of grapes

49
Q

In which US state and region is Dry Creek Valley?

A

California

Sonoma County

50
Q

Diamond Creek Vineyards is located in which AVA?

What does this winery claim to be?

What other significant milestone pertains to them?

What are the 3 regular singe-vineyard wines, and the 1 top bottling only produced in superior vintages?

A

Diamond Mountain District AVA, Napa Valley.

The first Napa Valley Estate to exclusively produce Cabernet Sauvignon.

They were the first winery to crack the $100/bottle retail mark.

Volcanic Hill / Red Rock / Gravelly Meadow

Lake Vineyard

51
Q

Los Carneros produces which two varietals primarily?

A
  • Wine production
    • Wines from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, typically:
      • From Medium bodied, Medium alcohol, Medium + acidity, Fresher fruit
      • To full bodied, riper and higher alcohol styles
    • Good to outstanding in quality – mid-priced to super-premium in price
    • Merlot, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon
52
Q

Of the Napa Valley sides which is hotter, East facing or West facing?

A

West facing

(Sun rises in East and sets in the West)

53
Q

For a Rutherford AVA merlot, what is the minimum % of merlot that must be in the wine?

54
Q

5 important AVAs of the Central Coast?

A
  • Monterey
  • Paso Robles
  • Santa Maria Valley
  • Santa Ynez Hills
  • Santa Rita Hills
55
Q

If an AVA is quoted on the label what are the minimum requirements under Federal labelling laws?

A
  • AVA quoted:
    • must be 85% of grapes from that AVA
    • wine must be fermented and finished in the state where AVA located
    • if Vintage stated – then 95% must be from that vintage
56
Q

Key viticultural risks for Californian winegrowing?

A

Key viticultural risks:

  • spring frost
  • drought – irrigation is installed in most vineyards
  • fungal diseases – but reduced due to low growing season rainfall
  • Bacterial Pierce’s disease – spread by leafhopper insects called sharpshooters
  • Bushfires can be an issue – especially due to the droughts of recent years
57
Q

Which is California’s most planted grape variety - Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot?

A

Chardonnay

58
Q

Who are the big three of the USA wine producers?

A
  • Top three of the big ten in the USA
    • E&J Gallo – 70 million cases
    • The Wine Group – 53 million cases
    • Constellation brands – 50 million cases
59
Q

In which county will you find Alexander Valley AVA?

A

Sonoma County

60
Q

The confusing USA wine labelling laws

A
  • The wine laws that apply have been mentioned above but summarised:
    • Variety – must be 75% of variety but if:
    • Locality
      • State – if it says California – then 100% from that state
      • 75% of grapes from county if the county name is mentioned, i.e. Sonoma County
      • 85% of grapes from AVA if AVA name is mentioned
      • 95% of grapes from that vineyard if a single vineyard name used
    • Vintage
      • 95% of the grapes – from a stated vintage – if an AVA mentioned
      • 85% of the grapes – from a stated vintage – if a county or state mentioned
    • Estate bottled
      • If winery and vineyard in the same AVA
      • Lead to large AVAs being created so producers can use the term
61
Q

Name 3 producers in Sonoma County:

A

Rodney Strong,

Kosta Browne, and

Kistler

62
Q

What % volume of all California wine comes from Napa Valley?

63
Q

Santa Ynez Valley AVA - describe it and name sub AVAs

A

Santa Ynez Valley AVA

  • Large AVA with both cool coastal and warm inland temperatures
  • Contains four sub AVAs
    • Sta. Rita Hills
    • Ballard Canyon
    • Los Olivos district
    • Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara
64
Q

What is the climate and best known style of wine in Anderson Valley AVA?

A

Cooler continental, w/ a super-cool ripening season.

Sparkling wines made from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

65
Q

Which Californian red wine beat the French in the ‘Judgment of Paris’ competition in 1976?

A

Stags Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon 1973

66
Q

Rockpile AVA is located in which county?

They are famed for:

A

Sonoma County

Ripe, powerful styles of Zinfandel, aged in either American or French oak.

67
Q

Name the three overarching AVAs of Sonoma county

A
  • Three overarching AVAs
    • Northern Sonoma
    • Sonoma coast
  • Sonoma valley
68
Q

Which AVA, being the most southerly in Napa, produces high quality Pinot Noir and Chardonnay for both still and sparkling wines?

A

Los Carneros

69
Q

Wine production of Central Valley, who are two biggest producers and how are the wines labelled?

A
  • Wine production
    • Large scale production
    • Two biggest are: E&J Gallo and Bronco Wine company
    • Wines labelled with California appellation
70
Q

Climate of Lodi AVA?

A
  • Growing environment
    • Hot Mediterranean climate
    • Moderated temperatures with cooling afternoon winds from SF Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta
    • Breaks in north and south coast ranges allows breezes off the bay to travel far inland
    • Vineyards are on flatlands
    • Free draining sandy and clay loam soils
    • Low rainfall – irrigation used

Windy conditions reduce fungal diseases and frost

71
Q

What is the northernmost wine-growing County in California?

Which 2 AVAs are north of it, but not included in the county itself?

A

Mendocino County

Dos Rios AVA / Covelo AVA

72
Q

Petite Sirah is the offspring of:

What is it also known as?

A

Syrah and Peloursin

Durif

73
Q

When Central Valley is so hot how can Lodi produce quality wines?

Which wine is Lodi specifically known for?

A

Because it is cooled by a breeze from San Fransisco Bay

Old vine Zinfandel.

74
Q

High quality sparkling wines are produced in which 2 AVAs in California?

A

Los Carneros

Anderson Valley

75
Q

In the USA, what are the minimum requirements for labeling a wine by:

Vintage?

Variety?

Location (AVA / Vineyard)?

A

Vintage: 85% (95% for Oregon)

Variety: 75% (90% for Oregon)

Location

AVA: 85% (95% for Oregon, or Washington is grapes are coming from a shared AVA)

Vineyard: 95%

76
Q

What is the definition of an AVA?

A

American Viticultural Area

“Delimited grape growing areas.”

Refers to geographic location only, not varietal.

First AVAs were named in the 1980’s, beginning with Augusta, MO and Napa Valley, CA.

77
Q

Monterey AVA - climate, soils, viti and wines

A
  • Monterey AVA
    • 80 miles long – largest in Monterey County
    • Majority of AVA follows Salinas River valley
    • Climate
      • Salinas valley opens directly to Monterey Bay
      • Water in the bay is particularly cold
      • Afternoons/evenings in Salinas valley can be particularly cool and windy
      • North of the valley is the coolest
    • Soils
      • Sandy loam and gravel and free draining
    • Viticulture
      • Low growing season rainfall means irrigation is essential sourced from the Salinas river
      • Northern areas – cooler – planted to Pinot Noir and Riesling
      • Further south/inland - planted to Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Zinfandel
      • Chardonnay is planted in all sites – 50% of all plantings!
    • Wines
      • Production of mainly inexpensive and mid-priced high-volume wines
      • Used in either Monterey wines or cross-regional blends
78
Q

Chalk Hill AVA is located within which larger AVA?

A

Russian River Valley AVA (Sonoma County)

79
Q

Working South to North list the 9 AVAs on the Napa Valley floor (i.e. NOT mountain AVAs)

A

Los Carneros AVA

Coombsville AVA

Oak Knoll District AVA

Yountville AVA

Stags Leap District AVA

Oakville AVA

Rutherford AVA

Saint Helena AVA

Calistoga AVA

80
Q

Climate in California influenced by two key factors?

A

Climate influenced by two key factors:

  • Ranges of Mountains running along length of the state
  • Californian current – bringing cold water from North, which upwells at the coast
81
Q

The USA has Appellations of Origin, what are they and what are the laws surrounding them?

A

The USA has Appellations of Origin which are based on political boundaries

  • 75% min. of the grapes used to make the wine must be from county/appellation
  • Wine must be fully finished in the state that appellation exists
82
Q

California is now the World’s 4th, 5th, or 6th largest wine producer by value?

A

4th largest (after France, Italy, Spain)

83
Q

What are the 2 main grapes of Santa Maria Valley AVA?

A

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

84
Q

Monterey County is where, and includes which AVAs?

A
  • Monterey County
    • Vineyards are in the large Salinas valley
    • Run from Monterey bay to San Luis Obispo county in south
    • Includes Monterey AVA, Santa Lucia highlands, Chalone, Arroyo Seco and Carmel valley
85
Q

What 4 criteria must be satisfied to label a wine as “Estate-Bottled” in the USA?

A
  • The wine is labeled with an AVA;
  • The winery is located in that same AVA;
  • The winery owns or “controls” the vineyard;
  • The crushed, fermented, finished, and bottled the wine on the same property.
86
Q

Rank the following Napa Valley AVAs from coolest to warmest (1 = coolest, 4 = warmest).

A. Calistoga

B. Los Carneros

C. Stag’s Leap District

D. Coombsville

A
  1. Los Carneros
  2. Coombsville
  3. Stag’s Leap District
  4. Calistoga
87
Q

How many planted Hectares in USA?

What is its world ranking for wine production?

A

430,000 Ha.

4th biggest

88
Q

Key facts about the US wine market

A

The US wine market today

  • World’s largest wine market today
  • Highest import value – 5.2 billion Euro
  • But low consumption per head – 11 litres per head
  • 4th largest producer – but 8th largest exporter
  • Over 60% of American wine is consumed domestically
  • 10,000 wineries across the country
  • The ten largest wineries represent more than 90% of the wine sold domestically by volume!
89
Q

Regulatory control of alcohol in the USA?

A
  • Regulatory control of distribution and sale of alcoholic beverages:
    • controlled at a state level
    • ceded control by the Federal govt. at the end of prohibition
    • states adopted the ‘three tier system’ preventing direct to retail sales by producers
    • there are drastically different rules over the fifty states!
    • Increasing number of states allow direct to consumer sales – and transport across state lines to the consumer
90
Q

What are the key varietals grown in California

A

Grape varieties: Chardonnay 20%, Cab sv 20%, Zinfandel 8.5%, Merlot 8%, Pinot Noir 7.5%

But Cabernet Sauvignon plantings increasing, likely overtake Chardonnay

63% of grapes used for winemaking are black grapes

91
Q

Zinfandel is considered a signature varietal of California.

What does premium Zinfandel taste like.

What is ‘White Zin’

A

Zinfandel

  • Considered a signature varietal of California
  • Old-vine Zinfandel – some over 100 years old (Dry Creek Valley)
  • Can suffer from uneven ripening, so can have jammy and fresh flavours intermingled
  • Premium Zinfandel:
    • Medium+ acidity
    • Med to full bodied
    • Ripe med+ tannins
    • Raspberry, blueberry and blackberry
    • Often vanilla, coconut notes from American oak maturation
  • Inexpensive Zinfandel – soft ripe and often jammy
  • ‘White Zin’
    • From central valley
    • Zinfandel made into a Rose
    • Made by:
      • Short maceration
      • Ferment in stainless steel and cool temps
      • Stopped the ferment at medium dry sweetness
      • Alcohol 10.5-11 degrees abv
    • Medium acidity and tannins with fruity plummy character
92
Q

Anderson Valley AVA’s climate is:

A

Climate

o Warm during the day but cold air and fog funnelled in during evenings

o Airflow is along the Navarro River

o Further inland less maritime influence and is warmer

o Rainfall is high – 900-2000mm

o Most rainfall in winter and spring

93
Q

Anderson Valley’s wine production is best known for?

A
  • Wine production
    • Pinot Noir is highly rated
      • Style vary by site climate, clones and harvesting times
      • Generally:
        • Fresh raspberry, cherry, plum fruit
        • Medium body and med+ acidity
        • Good to outstanding quality, premium to super premium priced
    • Also aromatic Alsace style wines
      • Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc
    • 85 wineries in AVA
94
Q

Russian river valley AVA viticulture?

A
  • Viticulture
    • Coolest parts – southern and western parts – planted mainly to Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
    • Top quality fruit produced – AVA has been expanded twice
    • Now over 7,200 Ha. planted in 2013
95
Q

Russian river Valley Chardonnay, describe it

A
  • Chardonnays
    • Medium to med+ body
    • Med+ acidity
    • Ripe peach and pineapple
    • Creamy and spicy flavours from MLF and oak maturation
96
Q

Green valley of Russian river Valley AVA is a sub AVA of Russian river Valley - describe it and the wines made

A
  • Green valley of Russian river valley AVA
    • Located next to Petaluma Gap
    • In the south west of the Russian river AVA
    • Gets first fogs in the afternoon and is the last to lose it in the morning
    • Has come of the coolest conditions in northern California
    • Free draining, low nutrient sandstone soils – limits the vigour and creating small concentrated grapes
    • Wines
      • Pinot Noir and Chardonnay most planted in AVA
      • Used in both still and sparkling
      • Similar in style to Russian river valley AVA – but wines have higher acidity and fresher fruit flavours
97
Q

Chalk Hill AVA, location, climate and wines

A
  • Chalk Hill AVA
    • North east corner of the Russian river valley AVA
    • Hilly area with some blocking of ocean influence and is further inland than other parts of the Russian river valley AVA
    • Warmer climate than surrounding areas
    • Soil is white volcanic ash
    • Vineyards planted on the valley floor and up to 500mRL
    • Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc most planted
98
Q

Petaluma Gap AVA - where, climate, viticulture and wines

A

Petaluma Gap AVA

  • Defined by its wind conditions
  • Located in southern Sonoma County and northern Marin county
  • Extends from the gap in the Northern Coast range to San Pablo Bay
  • Open to the sea at both ends – high speed coastal winds flow throughout the AVA
  • Boundaries defined according to an area that maintains a persistent wind of at least 8 miles per hour
  • Viticulture
    • The winds lower temperatures are strong enough to close leaf stomata and slow respiration and photosynthesis
    • Pinot Noir comprises 75% of all plantings – followed by Chardonnay and Syrah
  • Wines
    • Tend to have high acidities, fresh fruit flavours and often lower alcohol compared to more sheltered, inland appellations
99
Q

Sonoma Valley AVA - bordered by what mountains?

A
  • South eastern corner of Sonoma county – bordered in the east by Mayacamas mountains and Sonoma mountain range in the west
100
Q

Sonoma Mountain AVA, its location, climate, soils, vineyards and wines

A
  • Sonoma Mountain AVA
    • on Western side of the Sonoma Valley AVA
    • Climate
      • Cold air coming down from the mountains can give cool nights, helping to retain acidity
    • Soils
      • Volcanic in origin, low in nutrients and free draining
      • Soils help to control vigour and yields
    • Vineyards
      • Planted up to 730m – above the fog line – expose grapes to intense sun and warm daytime temperatures
      • Give ripe flavours, tannins and deep colour
      • Planted mainly on east facing, steep slopes
    • Wines
      • Concentrated ripe Cabernet Sauvignon
      • Plus Merlot, Zinfandel and Syrah
      • Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc and Semillon planted on the cooler sites - west side of the AVA with more ocean influence
101
Q

The most planted varietal in Bennett Valley is ?

D3 Condensed (27 decks)

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