The Digital Revolution Flashcards
Grammar Review
Reported statements
To report speech we can use either โdirectโ speech or โindirectโ speech
Direct you use the words quoted as it was written
Indirect you reformulate the phrase changing pronouns and verbs
Sentence: My boss is not going to accept a 10% increase
Direct: So then he said โMy boss is not going to accept a 10% increaseโ
Reported: He said that his boss was not going to accept a 10ห% increase
Grammar Review
Reported statements
โIt is difficult for me to doโ
She felt is was difficult for her to do
Grammar Review
Reported Statements
She is getting the next flight
He said that she was getting the next flight
Grammar Review
Reported Statements
Iโve forgotten her name
He said he had forgotten her name
Grammar Review
Reported Statements
We will do our best
They said they would do their best
Grammar Review
Reported Statements
David sent you a fax
She said that David had sent me a fax
Say is more common with direct speech and tell is followed by the person who is told
He said. Donโt park there
He told me not to park here
Tell also means โto instructโ or โto informโ
She told him to improve his performance
She needs to tell you what time the meeting will be
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.
โIf I were you, Iโd leave early.โ
She advised her colleague to leave early.
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.
โDonโt pay too high a price.โ
He warned me not to pay too high a price.
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.
โDonโt forget to take your passport.โ
She reminded him to take his passport.
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.
โIโll be in touch soon.โ
He promised to be in touch soon.
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.
โWeโll sue you if you use our brand name.โ
They threatened to sue us if we used their brand name.
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.
โIโll give you a hand if you like.โ
She offered to give me a hand.
Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speakerโs intention.
suggest and recommend are followed by the -ing form.
โWhy donโt you try a different supplier?โ
She suggested trying a different supplier.
Vocabulary
Midst of new revolution
Midst of - no meio de
Vocabulary
Cut out
Cortar
Vocabulary
Barbarous
Bรกrbaro
Vocabulary
Speak outright
Falar abertamente
Vocabulary
The contract is buried
O contrato esta enterrado
Vocabulary
To play hardball
to operate in a ruthless way
Vocabulary
To soar
Subir
Vocabulary
To plummet
Despencar
When we report yes/ no questions, we use if or whether and make any necessary tense changes.
Will you be going to the summer party?
She asked me if I would be going to the summer party.
Can I see him at five oโclock?
He wanted to know if he could see you at five oclock.
Were you by any chance born in India?
He wondered whether I was born in India.
When the original question begins with a question word (i.e. which, what, where, why, when, how, etc.), we report these questions using a different word order: verb + subject changes to subject + verb.
Which airport are you leaving from?
He asked me which airport I was leaving from.
How old are you?
He wanted to know how old I am/was.
The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question
Where do you live?
He asked me where I lived.
(NOT He asked me where do I live.)
The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question
How much did it cost?
He wanted to know how much it cost.
(NOT He wanted to know how much did it cost.)
The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question
What time will the shuttle leave?
He asked her what time the shuttle would leave.
(NOT He asked her what time would the shuttle leave.)
The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question
Who did you talk to?
He wanted to know who Iโd talked to.
(NOT He wanted to know who did I talk to.)
The same word order principle applies in questions beginning with Do you know or Could you tell me.
Do you know where the station is?
He wanted to know where the station was
Vocabulary
Bragging
Brag
Gabar-se
Vocabulary
Grumble
Resmungar
Vocabulary
Miffed
Irritado
Vocabulary
To travel from home to work and back
Commute
Vocabulary
Spend time in a lazy way
while away
Vocabulary
To make a short high-pitched sound like a bird
chirp
Vocabulary
Happy
Chirpy
It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.
But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing
1 These verbs are followed by a verb + ing but not a to-infinitive.
admit avoid consider count on delay enjoy finish imagine involve justify look forward to miss mind postpone recommend risk
Have you considered working from home?
The new design will involve changing the packaging
The situation doesnโt justify taking legal action.
We postponed launching the new model.
We look forward to seeing you soon.
We risk losing our position as market leader.
It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.
But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing
2 The following verbs take a to-infinitive.
afford appear arrange attempt claim decide demand expect fail guarantee hesitate hope manage offer plan proceed promise tend undertake wish
Please arrange to transfer the money to our account.
I expect to see you in Shanghai shortly.
We plan to open a new branch in Brazil.
We promise to replace any damaged items.
They refused to give us credit
We do not wish to be involved in the deal.
It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.
But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing
3 Some verbs are followed by either an infinitive or another verb + -ing. Sometimes there is a change in meaning as in the examples below.
We do not allow/authorise smoking on our premises. (= in general)
She allowed / authorised him to smoke a cigar in the office. (= on this specific occasion)
I will never forget meeting Bill Gates. (= I will always remember)
I often forget to turn off my mobile phone. (= fail to remember)
I mean to see her later this week. (= I intend to)
I could get a better job but it would mean moving. (= involve)
They stopped sending us junk mail after a while. (= they ceased)
She stopped to have a cigarette. (to = so as to)
