The Digital Revolution

Question 1

Grammar Review

Reported statements
To report speech we can use either “direct” speech or “indirect” speech

Direct you use the words quoted as it was written
Indirect you reformulate the phrase changing pronouns and verbs

Sentence: My boss is not going to accept a 10% increase

Answer 1

Direct: So then he said “My boss is not going to accept a 10% increase”
Reported: He said that his boss was not going to accept a 10ˆ% increase

Question 2

Grammar Review

Reported statements

“It is difficult for me to do”

Answer 2

She felt is was difficult for her to do

Question 3

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

She is getting the next flight

Answer 3

He said that she was getting the next flight

Question 4

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

I’ve forgotten her name

Answer 4

He said he had forgotten her name

Question 5

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

We will do our best

Answer 5

They said they would do their best

Question 6

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

David sent you a fax

Answer 6

She said that David had sent me a fax

Question 7

Say is more common with direct speech and tell is followed by the person who is told

Answer 7

He said. Don’t park there
He told me not to park here

Question 8

Tell also means ‘to instruct’ or ‘to inform’

Answer 8

She told him to improve his performance
She needs to tell you what time the meeting will be

Question 9

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.

‘If I were you, I’d leave early.’

Answer 9

She advised her colleague to leave early.

Question 10

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.

‘Don’t pay too high a price.’

Answer 10

He warned me not to pay too high a price.

Question 11

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.

‘Don’t forget to take your passport.’

Answer 11

She reminded him to take his passport.

Question 12

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.

‘I’ll be in touch soon.’

Answer 12

He promised to be in touch soon.

Question 13

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.

‘We’ll sue you if you use our brand name.’

Answer 13

They threatened to sue us if we used their brand name.

Question 14

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.

‘I’ll give you a hand if you like.’

Answer 14

She offered to give me a hand.

Question 15

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

suggest and recommend are followed by the -ing form.

“Why don’t you try a different supplier?”

Answer 15

She suggested trying a different supplier.

Question 16

Vocabulary

Midst of new revolution

Answer 16

Midst of - no meio de

Question 17

Vocabulary

Cut out

Answer 17

Cortar

Question 18

Vocabulary

Barbarous

Answer 18

Bárbaro

Question 19

Vocabulary

Speak outright

Answer 19

Falar abertamente

Question 20

Vocabulary

The contract is buried

Answer 20

O contrato esta enterrado

Question 21

Vocabulary

To play hardball

Answer 21

to operate in a ruthless way

Question 22

Vocabulary

To soar

Answer 22

Subir

Question 23

Vocabulary

To plummet

Answer 23

Despencar

Question 24

When we report yes/ no questions, we use if or whether and make any necessary tense changes.

Answer 24

Will you be going to the summer party?
She asked me if I would be going to the summer party.

Can I see him at five o’clock?
He wanted to know if he could see you at five oclock.

Were you by any chance born in India?
He wondered whether I was born in India.

Question 25

When the original question begins with a question word (i.e. which, what, where, why, when, how, etc.), we report these questions using a different word order: verb + subject changes to subject + verb.

Answer 25

Which airport are you leaving from?
He asked me which airport I was leaving from.

How old are you?
He wanted to know how old I am/was.

Question 26

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

Where do you live?

Answer 26

He asked me where I lived.
(NOT He asked me where do I live.)

Question 27

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

How much did it cost?

Answer 27

He wanted to know how much it cost.
(NOT He wanted to know how much did it cost.)

Question 28

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

What time will the shuttle leave?

Answer 28

He asked her what time the shuttle would leave.

(NOT He asked her what time would the shuttle leave.)

Question 29

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

Who did you talk to?

Answer 29

He wanted to know who I’d talked to.
(NOT He wanted to know who did I talk to.)

Question 30

The same word order principle applies in questions beginning with Do you know or Could you tell me.

Answer 30

Do you know where the station is?

He wanted to know where the station was

Question 31

Vocabulary

Bragging
Brag

Answer 31

Gabar-se

Question 32

Vocabulary

Grumble

Answer 32

Resmungar

Question 33

Vocabulary

Miffed

Answer 33

Irritado

Question 34

Vocabulary

To travel from home to work and back

Answer 34

Commute

Question 35

Vocabulary

Spend time in a lazy way

Answer 35

while away

Question 36

Vocabulary

To make a short high-pitched sound like a bird

Answer 36

chirp

Question 37

Vocabulary

Happy

Answer 37

Chirpy

Question 38

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.

But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing

1 These verbs are followed by a verb + ing but not a to-infinitive.

Answer 38

admit avoid consider count on delay enjoy finish imagine involve justify look forward to miss mind postpone recommend risk

Have you considered working from home?

The new design will involve changing the packaging

The situation doesn’t justify taking legal action.

We postponed launching the new model.

We look forward to seeing you soon.

We risk losing our position as market leader.

Question 39

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.

But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing

2 The following verbs take a to-infinitive.

Answer 39

afford appear arrange attempt claim decide demand expect fail guarantee hesitate hope manage offer plan proceed promise tend undertake wish

Please arrange to transfer the money to our account.

I expect to see you in Shanghai shortly.

We plan to open a new branch in Brazil.

We promise to replace any damaged items.

They refused to give us credit

We do not wish to be involved in the deal.

Question 40

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.

But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing

3 Some verbs are followed by either an infinitive or another verb + -ing. Sometimes there is a change in meaning as in the examples below.

Answer 40

We do not allow/authorise smoking on our premises. (= in general)

She allowed / authorised him to smoke a cigar in the office. (= on this specific occasion)

I will never forget meeting Bill Gates. (= I will always remember)

I often forget to turn off my mobile phone. (= fail to remember)

I mean to see her later this week. (= I intend to)

I could get a better job but it would mean moving. (= involve)

They stopped sending us junk mail after a while. (= they ceased)

She stopped to have a cigarette. (to = so as to)