The Digital Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Grammar Review

Reported statements
To report speech we can use either “direct” speech or “indirect” speech

Direct you use the words quoted as it was written
Indirect you reformulate the phrase changing pronouns and verbs

Sentence: My boss is not going to accept a 10% increase

A

Direct: So then he said “My boss is not going to accept a 10% increase”
Reported: He said that his boss was not going to accept a 10ˆ% increase

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2
Q

Grammar Review

Reported statements

“It is difficult for me to do”

A

She felt is was difficult for her to do

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3
Q

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

She is getting the next flight

A

He said that she was getting the next flight

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4
Q

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

I’ve forgotten her name

A

He said he had forgotten her name

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5
Q

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

We will do our best

A

They said they would do their best

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6
Q

Grammar Review

Reported Statements

David sent you a fax

A

She said that David had sent me a fax

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7
Q

Say is more common with direct speech and tell is followed by the person who is told

A

He said. Don’t park there
He told me not to park here

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8
Q

Tell also means ‘to instruct’ or ‘to inform’

A

She told him to improve his performance
She needs to tell you what time the meeting will be

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9
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.

‘If I were you, I’d leave early.’

A

She advised her colleague to leave early.

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10
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.

‘Don’t pay too high a price.’

A

He warned me not to pay too high a price.

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11
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

advise, warn and remind are followed by a person object + infinitive.

‘Don’t forget to take your passport.’

A

She reminded him to take his passport.

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12
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.

‘I’ll be in touch soon.’

A

He promised to be in touch soon.

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13
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.

‘We’ll sue you if you use our brand name.’

A

They threatened to sue us if we used their brand name.

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14
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

promise, threaten, and offer are followed by an infinitive.

‘I’ll give you a hand if you like.’

A

She offered to give me a hand.

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15
Q

Reporting verbs can be used to indicate the speaker’s intention.

suggest and recommend are followed by the -ing form.

“Why don’t you try a different supplier?”

A

She suggested trying a different supplier.

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16
Q

Vocabulary

Midst of new revolution

A

Midst of - no meio de

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17
Q

Vocabulary

Cut out

A

Cortar

18
Q

Vocabulary

Barbarous

A

Bárbaro

19
Q

Vocabulary

Speak outright

A

Falar abertamente

20
Q

Vocabulary

The contract is buried

A

O contrato esta enterrado

21
Q

Vocabulary

To play hardball

A

to operate in a ruthless way

22
Q

Vocabulary

To soar

A

Subir

23
Q

Vocabulary

To plummet

A

Despencar

24
Q

When we report yes/ no questions, we use if or whether and make any necessary tense changes.

A

Will you be going to the summer party?
She asked me if I would be going to the summer party.

Can I see him at five o’clock?
He wanted to know if he could see you at five oclock.

Were you by any chance born in India?
He wondered whether I was born in India.

25
Q

When the original question begins with a question word (i.e. which, what, where, why, when, how, etc.), we report these questions using a different word order: verb + subject changes to subject + verb.

A

Which airport are you leaving from?
He asked me which airport I was leaving from.

How old are you?
He wanted to know how old I am/was.

26
Q

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

Where do you live?

A

He asked me where I lived.
(NOT He asked me where do I live.)

27
Q

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

How much did it cost?

A

He wanted to know how much it cost.
(NOT He wanted to know how much did it cost.)

28
Q

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

What time will the shuttle leave?

A

He asked her what time the shuttle would leave.

(NOT He asked her what time would the shuttle leave.)

29
Q

The auxiliaries do, does and did are not used in the reported question

Who did you talk to?

A

He wanted to know who I’d talked to.
(NOT He wanted to know who did I talk to.)

30
Q

The same word order principle applies in questions beginning with Do you know or Could you tell me.

A

Do you know where the station is?

He wanted to know where the station was

31
Q

Vocabulary

Bragging
Brag

A

Gabar-se

32
Q

Vocabulary

Grumble

A

Resmungar

33
Q

Vocabulary

Miffed

A

Irritado

34
Q

Vocabulary

To travel from home to work and back

A

Commute

35
Q

Vocabulary

Spend time in a lazy way

A

while away

36
Q

Vocabulary

To make a short high-pitched sound like a bird

A

chirp

37
Q

Vocabulary

Happy

A

Chirpy

38
Q

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.

But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing

1 These verbs are followed by a verb + ing but not a to-infinitive.

A

admit avoid consider count on delay enjoy finish imagine involve justify look forward to miss mind postpone recommend risk

Have you considered working from home?

The new design will involve changing the packaging

The situation doesn’t justify taking legal action.

We postponed launching the new model.

We look forward to seeing you soon.

We risk losing our position as market leader.

39
Q

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.

But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing

2 The following verbs take a to-infinitive.

A

afford appear arrange attempt claim decide demand expect fail guarantee hesitate hope manage offer plan proceed promise tend undertake wish

Please arrange to transfer the money to our account.

I expect to see you in Shanghai shortly.

We plan to open a new branch in Brazil.

We promise to replace any damaged items.

They refused to give us credit

We do not wish to be involved in the deal.

40
Q

It is common for a verb to be followed by another verb.

But it is often difficult to know whether the second verb is a to-infinitive or terminated by -ing

3 Some verbs are followed by either an infinitive or another verb + -ing. Sometimes there is a change in meaning as in the examples below.

A

We do not allow/authorise smoking on our premises. (= in general)

She allowed / authorised him to smoke a cigar in the office. (= on this specific occasion)

I will never forget meeting Bill Gates. (= I will always remember)

I often forget to turn off my mobile phone. (= fail to remember)

I mean to see her later this week. (= I intend to)

I could get a better job but it would mean moving. (= involve)

They stopped sending us junk mail after a while. (= they ceased)

She stopped to have a cigarette. (to = so as to)