Production

Question 1

1 - We often choose a passive construction when we are not interested in who performs an action or it is not necessary to know

Answer 1

The company was founded in 1986
A new extension is being built

Question 2

2 - If we want to mention the person who performs the action, we can use a phrase beginning with by

Answer 2

The report was written by Mr Reed - The attention is on the report

If you were more interested in the writer we have to choose an active construction:

Mr Reed wrote the report

Question 3

3 - The passive is very often used when we describe a process or a procedure because we are less concerned with who has done something than it what is done.

Answer 3

Applicants are short-listed and interviewed. The best candidate is then offered the job

The manufacture of components is sub-contracted to outside suppliers

Question 4

4 - Changes of state and completed actions are described using the present prefect passive

Answer 4

She has been promoted to the post of regional sales director

The department has been organized

The meeting has been canceled

Question 5

5 - When writing in a formal style (reposts, minutes), we often choose an impersonal style by using the passive and beginning sentences with It.

Answer 5

It was felt that some cuts had to be made

It was decided that the package design would be changed

Question 6

6 - Passive structures beginning with someone’s name or a personal pronoun are followed by an object and infinitive.

Answer 6

I was asked to send you a copy of the programme

He has been told not to come back

Mrs Fry will be asked to chair the meeting

Question 7

Vocabulary

Shipyard

Answer 7

Estaleiro

Question 8

Vocabulary

Heat Bun

Answer 8

Pão quente

Question 9

Vocabulary

Slump

Answer 9

Queda

Question 10

Vocabulary

Plunged

Answer 10

Mergulho

Question 11

Vocabulary Toolbox for passive conversation

Answer 11

I thought you should know
I have been informed
I have been assured that proper treatment is going on
We followed all procedures

Question 12

PART 1 - Talking about interests

Spare time

Answer 12

What do you do in your spare time? Cinema

Have you seen the new Nolan movie yet?

What did you think?

Question 13

PART 2 - Talking about interests

Sports

Answer 13

Are you interested in sport? - yes

What do you play? - Soccer

How do you find that?

Question 14

PART 3 - Talking about interests

News

Answer 14

Did you read/watch the news this morning?

What do you think?

Question 15

Vocabulary

Involve

Answer 15

To get involved

Question 16

Vocabulary

Take over

Answer 16

Assumir

Question 17

Vocabulary

Words of cause and effect

Answer 17

On account of
Has meant
As a result of
Consequently
Has led to
Due to

Question 18

Vocabulary

Verbs of result

Answer 18

Result in - finally cause a particular situation to exist, at the end of a process or series of events

Stem from - to happen or exist as a result of something

Question 19

Vocabulary

Eldest

Answer 19

The old son or daughter

Question 20

Vocabulary

Cause and effects verbs

Answer 20

As a result of - because if something that has happened

Led to - made something happen

Question 21

Vocabulary

Draw up

Answer 21

Elaborar