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NUTR3210 > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is Solubility?

A

whether soluble in an aqueous environment; depends of physical properties

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2
Q

What is Digestibility?

A

does host organism have the enzymes to digest

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3
Q

What is Fermentibility?

A

do gut bacteria have the enzymes to break down (refers to carbs only!)

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4
Q

What are the features of a Simple System (without functional caecum)?

A
  • monogastric (one stomach)
  • non-functional caecum
  • hindgut fermentation (fermentation in the large intestine)
  • nutrient dense, low fiber diet
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5
Q

What are the steps of digestion in a simple system (without caecum)?

A
  • oral cavity: food is chewed + mixed with alpha-amylase and lingual lipase
  • stomach: has a pH of 2, food becomes chyme after 2-6 hours after being mixed with gastric juice composed of HCl and enzymes
  • small intestine: chyme acidity is neutralized by pancreatic juice, and is digested by pancreatic juice and bile
  • large intestine: water absorption, fermentation, and production of short-chained FAs
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6
Q

What are the sections of the stomach in a simple system (without caecum)? (in order from top of bottom)

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • antrum
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7
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine in a simple system (without caecum)? (in order from top of bottom)

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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8
Q

Gut bacteria are mostly…(anaerobic or aerobic)

A

anaerobic

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9
Q

True or False: everybody has the gut microbiota

A

false

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10
Q

What are the features of a Simple System (with functional caecum)?

A
  • pseudo-ruminant (only one stomach, and fodder is digested and fermented in the caecum)
  • hindgut fermenter (fermentation in the large intestine)
  • functional caecum
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11
Q

What is Coptophagy?

A

when young eat their mothers poop to start colonizing their gut with bacteria

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12
Q

What are the features of a Multiple System/Ruminant?

A
  • foregut fermentation (fermentation in the stomach)
  • 4 regions of the stomach
  • suited for a high quantity of fodder and forage plant materials
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13
Q

What are the sections of the stomach in a multiple system/ruminant, and their roles (in order of appearance)?

A
  • reticulum: captures nutrients and foreign materials; rich in bacteria
  • rumen: (largest section) contains papillae, rich in bacteria, and produces short-chained FAs
  • omasum: reabsorption of water and filtering of large particles
  • abomasum: secretion of digestive enzymes
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14
Q

What are the pros and cons of a Multiple System/Ruminant (one of each)?

A
  • pro: good for vitamin + protein synthesis
  • con: eructation (regurgitating/belching) results in a loss of carbs, and excess heat production
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15
Q

What is Digestibility?

A

measure of nutrient extracted by the GI tract; prevents deficiency and insures nutrients are available to the organism

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16
Q

What are the 3 methods of measure digestibility?

A
  • Total Collection Method
  • Indicator Method
  • True Digestibility
17
Q

How do you conduct a Total Collection Method digestibility test? (steps only!)

A
  • animal adapts to diet for 7-21 days
  • animal is isolated
  • intake is measured over 3-10 days
  • amount of feces is collected and analyzed
18
Q

What is the equation for Apparent Digestibility Coefficient using the Total Collection Method?

A

(total intake - total feces) / (total intake)

19
Q

What is the equation for Apparent Digestibility Coefficient using the Indicator Method?

A

(A - B) / (A) ; where A = nutrient/marker in FEED, B = nutrient marker in FECES

20
Q

What does the Total Collection Method measure?

A

Apparent Digestibility Coefficient

21
Q

What does the Indicator Method measure?

A

Apparent Digestibility Coefficient

22
Q

What does True Digestibility measure?

A

True Digestibility Coefficient

23
Q

How do you conduct an Indicator Method digestibility test? (steps only!)

A
  • animal adapts of a test diet with marker/indicator
  • feed is compared to fecal sample
24
Q

What is an External Marker?

A

a marker used for an indicator method digestibility test that is ADDED to the food

25
Q

What is an Internal Marker?

A

a marker used for an indicator method digestibility test that is ALREADY IN the food

26
Q

What does Apparent Digestibility NOT consider? (3)

A
  • endogenous secretions/epithelial cells
  • bacterial growth in gut/nutrient synthesis
  • digestive enzymes/protein secretions
27
Q

How do you conduct a True Digestibility digestibility test? (steps only!)

A
  • perform a digestibility study with a test diet
  • switch diet to a 0 nutrient diet
  • analyze feces from both diets
28
Q

What is the equation for True Digestibility Coefficient?

A

[A - (B - C)] / (A); where A = nutrient/marker in TEST DIET, B = nutrient/marker in feces, C = nutrient/marker in feces of 0 NUTRIENT DIET

NUTR3210 (13 decks)

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