The Digestive System Flashcards
How do nutrients get from the small intestine into the bloodstream?
It diffuses through the small intestine wall
In humans, what is the digestive tract made of?
The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
The gallbladder, pancreas, and liver
What are the muscles in the esophagus called?
Smooth muscle tissue
What are the nerves in the stomach for?
Telling us when we’ve had enough to eat
What are the two functions of mucus?
- Protecting the digestive tube from digestive enzymes
- Allowing material to pass smoothly along the tube
What are the two ways the mouth breaks down food?
Mechanically with the teeth and tongue, and chemically with chemicals called enzymes that break apart the molecules of foo
What do goblet cells do?
Secrete mucus
What do the liver, pancreas, and the gallbladder provide to help with the digestion of food?
Enzymes
What does bile help with?
The breakdown of fats in our food
What does insulin do?
It regulates the concentration of glucose in the body
What does the digestive system do?
It takes in food, digests it, and excretes the remaining waste
What enzyme does the pancreas produce?
Insulin
What fluid does the liver produce?
Bile
What happens with the remaining solid matter?
It is excreted as feces from the anus
What is colitis?
A disease that is from the epithelial tissue lining the colon (large intestine) becoming enflamed and stops wroking properly
What is diabetes?
A disease in which the pancreas produces too much or too little insulin
What is happening in your body when you have vomiting or diarrhea?
Your body recognizes the presence of toxins, and your digestive tract responds by attempting to remove the toxins rapidly
What is saliva produced by?
Cells in the epithelial tissue that lines the mouth
What is the contraction and relaxation of the esophagus controlled by?
Nerve cells
What is the digestive system made up of?
The digstive tract and accessory organs
What is the entire length of the digestive tract lined with?
Epithelial tissue
What is the esophagus?
A muscular tube connecting your mouth to your stomach
What is the main function of the stomach?
To hold food and churn it to continue the process of digestion
