The Digestive System Flashcards
Stages of Nutrition: Getting Energy From Our Food
~ Ingestion/eating
~ Digestion
~ Absorption
~ Assimilation
~ Elimination
Ingestion/Eating
~ Food is taken in by the body
Digestion
~ Food is broken down
Absorption
~ Digested food passes into the bloodstream
Assimilation
~ Using the food in the cells of the body
Elimination
~ Getting rid of undigested food
Physical Digestion
~ Taking large pieces of food and breaking them down into smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion
~ Involves the use of chemicals called enzymes to break down food
Enzymes
~ Enzymes are chemicals that speed up reactions without being used up in the reaction
How Enzymes Work
~ Enzymes act on a substrate and breaks it down into a product e.g.
~ substrate = starch,
~ enzymes= amylase (saliva),
~ product = maltose (sugar)
Most Chemical Digestion Happens In
~ Small intestine
Bile
~ Made in liver to break down fats
Pancreas Makes
~ Digestive juices which contain enzymes
Incisors
~ At the front of the mouth
~ 4 upper and 4 lower
~ Used for biting and cutting food
Canine
~ One at either side of the incisors
~ 2 upper and 2 lower
~ Grasp and tear food
Pre-molars
~ 3 at either side of canine
~ 6 upper and 6 lower
~ Grind and crush food
Molars
~ 2 at either side of premolars
~ 4 upper and 4 lower
~ Grind and crush food
Herbivore
~ Only eats plants
~ Very large incisors
~ Large molars and pre-molars to chew grass
Carnivore
~ Only eat meat
~ Large canine teeth
~ Use the teeth to catch and tear their prey
Omnivore
~ Eats plants and meat
~ Need all of the teeth
