Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

What Are Atoms?

A

~ Atoms are the basic building blocks of all materials.

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2
Q

Element

A

~ An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.

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3
Q

Molecules

A

~ A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join (bond) together chemically.

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4
Q

Compound

A

~ When a molecule is made up of two or more different types of elements chemically combined, we call it a compound.

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5
Q

Structure of The Atom

A

~ The atom is made up of smaller particles called sub-atomic particles.
These are:
~ Protons ~ Neutrons ~ Electrons

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6
Q

Atomic And Mass Number

A

Atomic Number:
~The atomic number tells you how many protons (which
is the same as the number of electrons) there are in one atom of the element.

Mass Number:
~The mass number tells you how many protons and neutrons
there are in the atom.

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7
Q

The Modern Periodic Table

A

~ Vertical columns, called groups, in which the elements with similar physical and chemical
properties (behaviours) are grouped together
~ Horizontal rows, called periods, which are in order of increasing proton number.

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8
Q

The Alkali Metals

A

~ All the alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell. The atoms ‘want’ to get rid of this
loose electron. As a result, the alkali metals are very reactive and behave similarly.

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9
Q

Group 2

A

~Alkaline Earth Metals
~ Elements in this group include:
• Beryllium (Be)
• Magnesium (Mg)
• Calcium (Ca).
All elements in this group have two electrons in their outer shell.

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10
Q

Group 7

A

~ Halogens
~ The elements in group 7 have seven electrons in their
atom’s outer shell.
~ Fluorine (F)
~ Chlorine (Cl)

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11
Q

Group 8 ( Group 0)

A

~ The Noble Gases
~ The elements in group 8 are all gases and have full outer
shells of electrons in their atoms.
• Helium (He)
• Neon (Ne)
• Argon (Ar), which is used in filament lamps (light bulbs).

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12
Q

What Are Ions?

A

~ When atoms lose or gain electrons they become charged particles and are called ions.

(• Group 1 - alkali metals. These have only one electron in the outer shell, which they lose to form
a positive ion (+1), e.g. Na”’,
> Group 2 - alkaline earth metals. These have two electrons in their outer shell so will lose two
electrons to form a positive ion (+2), e.g. Mgtz.
Group 6 - non-metals. These have six electrons in their outer shell and so will gain two
electrons for a full outer shell to form a negative ion (-2), e.g. 0-2,
Group 7- halogens. These have seven electrons in their outer shell and so will gain one
electron to form a negative ion (-1), e.g. Cl1.)

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13
Q

How Are Chemical Bonds Formed?

A

~ A compound forms when two different elements chemically combine.

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14
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

~ lonic bonding produces a compound that is formed from a metal and a non-metal and is
made up of ions. This occurs when one atom loses electrons and another atom gains electrons.

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15
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

~ Covalent bonding produces a compound formed from
non-metals in which each atom shares electrons with
another atom.

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16
Q

Chemical Formulas

A

~ Every compound has a formula - it tells you the type and number of atoms present in a
compound. The chemical formula is made up of letters and numbers

17
Q

Combining Metals And Non-Metals

A

~ When a metal and a non-metal are combined, the resultant compound is called after the
name of the metal followed by the name of the non-metal, with its ending changed to “-ide?
For example:
sodium + chlorine = sodium chloride
Metal Non-metal Compound

18
Q

Combining Metal Atoms, Non-Metal Atoms And Oxygen

A

~ When naming compounds formed by combining a metal atom, a non-metal atom and oxygen, the name of the metal comes first, the name of the non-metal comes next and the ending is’-ate’