The digestive system Flashcards
What is Ingestion?
the taking of substances into the body through the mouth
What is mechanical digestion?
the break down of large food pieces into small pieces, not chemically, and without enzymes
What is chemical digestion?
the break down of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules, chemically, using enzymes
Absorption is…
the movement of small food molecules through the wall of the intestines into the blood
Egestion is…
the removal of undigested food molecules such as faeces through the anus
diarrhoea is…
the loss of watery faeces
Explain Cholera
- the Cholera Bacterium releases a toxin
- the toxin releases chloride ions
- lowering the water potential in the small intestine
- water moves into the gut
- causing diarrhoea and dehydration
Digestive system pathway is…
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Helpers of the digestive system are…
Salivary glands, Pancreas, Liver, gallbladder, duodenum
Molars
grinds and crushes food
Premolars
grinds and crushes food
incisors
chistles food
Canines
rip and tear food
Name the parts of the tooth
Enamel, dentine, pulp cavity, gum
What is dental decay?
a coating of bacteria and food on teeth, the
bacteria respiring sugars in the food, producing
acid which dissolves the enamel and dentine
Starch
Amylase -> Simple sugars (maltose)
Proteins
Protease -> Amino acids
Lipids
Lipase -> Fatty acids + Glycerol
the pancreas produces…
Lipase, Protease, Amylase
Function of Hydrochloric acid…
- Kills Microorganisms
- Gives an acidic pH for enzymes
What is the Epithelium lining in the small intestine?
Site of Maltose being broken down into glucose with maltase
Pepsin ->
Trypsin ->
Stomach
small instestine
What is the function of the Liver?
secretes bile
What is the function of the gall bladder?
stores bile
What are the functions of Bile?
- Emulsify fats (increases surface area)
- Neutralizes acidic pH from the stomach in the duodenum
Small intestine is the…
region of absorption of digested food, and water
what is the function of villi and microvilli?
increase the surface area of the small intestine
Villus…
- has walls that are one cell thick
- specialized for absorption
- lacteals that absorb digested fats
- capillaries absorb carbohydrates and amino acids
