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Science Yr 8 Summer Exam Revision > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

list the 7 nutrients

A
  • carbohydrates
  • fibre
  • protein
  • lipids
  • minerals
  • vitamins
  • water
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2
Q

as a collection, what do the 7 nutrients generally do in good quantaties

A

keep a balanced diet

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3
Q

what does carbohydrate do for the body

A

provide quick-release energy through resperation

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4
Q

what foods are high in carbohydrates

A

cereals, bread, pasta, rice

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5
Q

what does fibre do for the body

A

helps food move through the alimentary canal, especially the lower part (stomach, intestines)

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6
Q

what do lipids do for the body

A

to release energy and even store food for long amounts of time to insulate it against cold

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7
Q

what do minerals do for the body

A

needed in small amounts to help the body maintain its health

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8
Q

what foods are high in lipids

A

butter, oil, nuts

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9
Q

what foods are high in minerals

A

salt, milk, liver

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10
Q

what does milk contain specifically (2)

A

lactose, calcium

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11
Q

what does liver contain

A

iron, minerals

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12
Q

what foods are high in fibre

A

vegetables, bran

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13
Q

what does water do for the body

A

needed for cells and body fluids

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14
Q

what foods/ liquids have water

A

water, fruit juice, milk

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15
Q

what are two types of lipids

A

saturated and unsaturated fats

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16
Q

which is healthier- saturated or unsaturated?

A

unsaturated fats

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17
Q

what are two types of carbohydrate

A

simple sugars, starch

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18
Q

what connects the mouth to the stomach

A

oesophagus

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19
Q

what is the oesophagus made out of

A

thick, strong muscle

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20
Q

list the main ORGANS (not glands) of the alimentary canal

A
  • mouth
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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21
Q

list the digestive glands

A
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
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22
Q

what is the use of the stomach

A
  • stores food for 3-5 hours after it has been swallowed
  • churns food with the walls of the stomach
  • breaks down proteins through the release of protease enzyme
  • destroys bacteria in highly corrosive pH 2- very acidic
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23
Q

what lines the stomach

A

epithelial cells, parietal cells, goblet cells

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24
Q

how does food move down the alimentary canal

A

process of peristalsis

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25
what is peristalsis
the process of the alimentary canal walls contracting and expanding to push food further down towards the rectum
26
what is the process of digestion
the breaking down of food into smaller pieces
27
what is absorption
in the ileum, digested food is taken into the blood stream
28
what is mechanical digestion
food is broken down without enzymes, by force in the mouth and churning of the stomach
29
what is chemical digestion
as well as experiencing chewing and churning, food might have to be broken down with the use of enzymes
30
list as many enzymes as you know
- carbohydrase - amylase - lipase - protease
31
what does protease digest
proteins
32
what does lipase digest
lipids (fats)
33
what does amylase digest
starch
34
what does carbohydrase digest
carbohydrates
35
what does protein break down into
amino acids
36
what do lipids break down into
glycerol and fatty acids
37
what does starch break down into
glucose/ maltose
38
what do carbohydrates break down into
simple sugars
39
what is the enzyme- substrate complex
when the active site of an enzyme slots perfectly into a substrate to break it down into smaller pieces
40
where is bile produced
liver
41
where is bile stored
gall bladder
42
what are the functions of bile
- neutralises the pH of gastric acid from 2 to 8.5 | - emmulsifies lipids
43
what happens to enzymes in high temperatures or acidic pH
they denature
44
what does denature mean
active site of the enzyme changes so that they can no longer fit the substrate to break it down
45
where is amylase produced
salivary glands, pancreas
46
where is lipase produced
pancreas
47
where is protease produced
stomach, pancreas
48
where is carbohydrase produced
mouth, pancreas, small intestine
49
where in the body is starch digested
mouth and duodenum
50
where in the body are lipids digested
duodenum
51
where in the body are proteins digested
stomach and duodenum
52
where in the body are carbohydrates digested
duodenum
53
what two parts make up the small intestine
duodenum, ileum
54
what three parts make up the large intestine
colon, rectum, anus
55
what controls the movement of food between the stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
56
what substance do we use to test for starch
iodine
57
what colour will the iodine turn food if starch is present
orange- brown or blue-black
58
what substance do we use to test for sugars
Benedict's solution
59
what colour will the Benedict's solution turn food if sugar is present
blue/ red/ orange/ yellow/ green
60
what substance do we use to test for proteins
biuret
61
what colour will the biuret turn food if protein is present
blue- purple, lilac
62
list three adaptations of the ileum (small intestine) that help with absorption
1) millions of villi 2) capillaries surrounding each villus 3) thin walls (one cell thick)
63
how do millions of villi help absorption
increase surface area
64
how do many capillaries help absorption
good blood supply
65
how do thin walls help absorption
fast absorption of nutrients into bloodstream

Science Yr 8 Summer Exam Revision (10 decks)

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