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Science Yr 8 Summer Exam Revision > Combustion > Flashcards

Combustion Flashcards

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1
Q

combustion definition

A

when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce new substances

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2
Q

word equation for complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon (fuel) + oxygen — carbon dioxide + water (g)

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3
Q

what are fossil fuels (definition)

A

naturally occurring hydrocarbon resources found in the Earth’s crust

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4
Q

examples of fossil fuels?

A

coal, gas, oil

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5
Q

name 4 smallest hydrocarbons

A
  • methane
  • ethane
  • propane
  • butane
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6
Q

what is the chemical formula for methane

A

CH4

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7
Q

what is the chemical formula for ethane

A

C2H6

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8
Q

what is the chemical formula for propane

A

C3H8

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9
Q

what is the chemical formula for butane

A

C4H10

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10
Q

what is the greenhouse effect

A

there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere surrounding the earth due to the burning of too many fossil fuels- this will entrap heat and light energy from the sun and overheat the planet

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11
Q

what are the dangers of fossil fuels

A

fossil fuels can produce carbon dioxide through complete combustion and carbon monoxide and soot (pollution) through incomplete combustion

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12
Q

what does the greenhouse effect lead to (6)

A
  • – burning fossil fuels
  • – greenhouse effect
  • – heat is trapped in atmosphere
  • – global warming
  • – earth’s temperatures rise
  • – ice caps melt
  • – oceans rise and land floods
  • – animals lose their habitats
  • – extinction of species
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13
Q

contrast complete and incomplete combustion

A

complete combustion happens when there is a sufficient amount of oxygen and incomplete combustion takes place when there is not enough oxygen

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14
Q

chemical word equation for incomplete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon + water

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15
Q

why is carbon monoxide damaging to health

A

it is colourless, tasteless and has no smell which makes it hard to detect when it latches onto haemoglobin and takes up space in the red blood cell, leaving little to none for oxygen. Because of this, it becomes hard to breathe, but the brain and/ or heart are also affected by the chemical as well.

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16
Q

what are some risks/ hazards of using a bunsen burner

A

you could burn yourself on the flame/ chimney

17
Q

what parts are ok to touch when the bunsen burner is on

A

rubber tubing, base, collar

18
Q

list the parts of a bunsen burner

A

flame, chimney, collar, air hole, base, rubber tubing

19
Q

air hole position for a safety flame

A

fully closed

20
Q

colour of safety flame

A

yellow

21
Q

use of safety flame

A

easily visible for when the bunsen burner is on but not heating a substance

22
Q

name of flame when the air hole is half-open

A

blue

23
Q

colour of flame when the air hole is half-open

A

blue

24
Q

use of blue flame

A

gently heat a substance

25
Q

air hole position for roaring blue flame

A

fully open

26
Q

colour of flame when air hole is fully open

A

blue

27
Q

use of roaring blue flame

A

the hottest of the three flames to rapidly heat or sterilise a substance

28
Q

what is thermal decomposition

A

when a compound breaks down as a result of heating and forms two different new substances from this one reactant

29
Q

what is produced when calcium carbonate is heated

A

copper carbonate → copper oxide + carbon dioxide

CuCO3 → CuO + CO2

30
Q

what is the colour of calcium carbonate

A

green

31
Q

what is the colour of calcium oxide

A

black

32
Q

what colour changes can we see when calcium carbonate is being heated

A

colour changes from green to black during reaction

33
Q

how do we know of carbon dioxide has been produced by this reaction as well

A

use lime-water and see if it turns a cloudy/ milky white

34
Q

why must thermal energy be supplied constantly for the reaction to keep happening

A

because thermal decomposition is an endothermic reaction

35
Q

what is an endothermic reaction

A

when a reaction gains energy from its surroundings

36
Q

what is an exothermic reaction

A

when a reaction GIVES OUT energy to the surroundings

37
Q

what equipment do we use to test the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

A
  • calcium carbonate in a test tube
  • test tube rack
  • bunsen burner
  • gas tap

Science Yr 8 Summer Exam Revision (10 decks)

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