Acids and Metals

Question 1

what is a solution

Answer 1

when a solute (usually solid) dissolves into a solvent (liquid)

Question 2

what is a mixture

Answer 2

two or more different types of atom or molecule NOT chemically joined together

Question 3

give an example of a mixture

Answer 3

air, syrup, sea water

Question 4

give an example of a solution

Answer 4

squash

Question 5

what is a pure substance

Answer 5

a substance consisting of only one type of atom or molecule

Question 6

give an example of a pure substance

Answer 6

oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), helium (He)

Question 7

what is a compound

Answer 7

two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together

Question 8

give an example of a compound

Answer 8

carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O)

Question 9

what is an element

Answer 9

substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 10

give an example of an element

Answer 10

helium (He) and oxygen (O2)

Question 11

contrast dilute with concentrated

Answer 11

concentrated means a lot more substrate dissolved into substrate than in a dilute substance where there is a lot more solvent than substrate

Question 12

give some examples of weak acids

Answer 12

• ethanoic acid
• citric acid
• carbonic acid

Question 13

give the chemical formula for ethanoic acid

Answer 13

CH3COOH

Question 14

give the chemical formula for citric acid

Answer 14

C6H8O7

Question 15

give the chemical formula for carbonic acid

Answer 15

H2CO3

Question 16

what does the word ‘acid’ mean in Latin

Answer 16

sour

Question 17

weak acids definition

Answer 17

weak acids are used in every day life by everyone

Question 18

list some every-day objects that contain weak acids

Answer 18

• vinegar
• fizzy drinks
• tea
• vitamin C
• lemon juice

Question 19

what acid does vinegar contain

Answer 19

acetic acid

Question 20

what acid do fizzy drinks contain

Answer 20

carbonic acid

Question 21

what acid does tea contain

Answer 21

tannic acid

Question 22

what acid does vitamin C contain

Answer 22

ascorbic acid

Question 23

what acid does lemon juice contain

Answer 23

citric acid

Question 24

strong acids definition

Answer 24

strong acids are more corrosive so they can only be used safely in professional places like laboratories

Question 25

give some examples of strong acids

Answer 25

- hydrochloric acid (HCl) - sulphuric acid (H2SO4) - nitric acid (HNO3)

Question 26

what is the chemical formula (again) for hydrochloric acid

Answer 26

HCl

Question 27

what is the chemical formula (again) for sulphuric acid

Answer 27

H2SO4

Question 28

what is the chemical formula (again) for nitric acid

Answer 28

HNO3

Question 29

what is one every-day use of HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Answer 29

gastric acid in stomach

Question 30

what is one every-day use if SULPHURIC acid

Answer 30

used in the production of car batteries

Question 31

general definition for an acid

Answer 31

a substance with a pH of less than 7, and a sour taste which must be in an aqueous solution

Question 32

universal indicator definition

Answer 32

the substance that shows how acidic or alkaline is a substance by sorting the pH

Question 33

what colour is a strong acid in universal indicator

Answer 33

red

Question 34

what colour is a weak acid in universal indicator

Answer 34

orange

Question 35

what colour is a neutral substance in universal indicator

Answer 35

green

Question 36

what colour is a weak alkali in universal indicator

Answer 36

blue

Question 37

what colour is a strong alkali in universal indicator

Answer 37

purple/ violet

Question 38

what are the 4 types of bases

Answer 38

metal oxide/ hydroxide/ carbonate, or ammonia

Question 39

list examples of bases in real life every-day objects

Answer 39

- nail polish remover - plant fertiliser - milk of magnesia (a medicine) - baking soda - drain cleaner

Question 40

what is a base

Answer 40

a substance with a BITTER taste that has a pH of more than 7 which neutralises an acids. Includes metal hydroxides/ metal oxides/ metal carbonates/ ammonia

Question 41

what is an alkali in terms of an aqueous solution

Answer 41

the base

Question 42

aqueous solution definition

Answer 42

if the solvent of a solution is water

Question 43

neutralisation reaction definition

Answer 43

when an acid and a base react to produce salt and water, which are both neutral substances

Question 44

what is a word equation

Answer 44

a chemical equation written out using words not formulas

Question 45

what is a chemical equation

Answer 45

a chemical equation written out using formulas

Question 46

define a salt

Answer 46

a compound formed of a metal and a non-metal

Question 47

write a general neutralisation reaction

Answer 47

acid + base --- salt + water

Question 48

write a neutralisation reaction when the base is a metal carbonate

Answer 48

acid + metal carbonate --- salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 49

if sodium hydroxide was the metal reacting, what would be the first part of a salt's name

Answer 49

salt = 'sodium'______.

Question 50

what are the two parts that build up a salt's name

Answer 50

metal reacting. acid.

Question 51

is there any exception to neutralisation reactions where an acid and base does not produce salt AND water both?

Answer 51

yes, ammonia as a base

Question 52

filtration definition

Answer 52

a method of separating an insoluble solid from a mixture of solid and liquid

Question 53

what does insoluble mean

Answer 53

impossible to dissolve

Question 54

complete: | we need f_____ p_____ and a f_____ to conduct filtration

Answer 54

filter paper and a funnel

Question 55

what is the name for the substance that stays on the filter paper in the funnel

Answer 55

residue

Question 56

what do we call the liquid that passes through the filter paper and into the beaker

Answer 56

the filtrate

Question 57

name 7 pieces of apparatus that we will need to filtrate copper oxide

Answer 57

- beaker - hot solution after reaction - filter funnel - filter paper - unreacted copper oxide - conical flask - solution

Question 58

why do we evaporate and not boil the solution through crystalisation

Answer 58

boiling the solution would lead to smaller, fewer crystals

Question 59

how do you evaporate the liquid in crystalistation

Answer 59

gently heat it by adjusting the flame

Question 60

name 4 pieces of apparatus that we need to carry out the process of crystalisation

Answer 60

- evaporating basin containing copper sulphate solution - tripod - bunsen burner - heatproof mat

Question 61

write a general equation for the reaction of an acid and a metal

Answer 61

acid + metal --- salt + hydrogen

Question 62

write a general word equation for an alkali metal reacting with water

Answer 62

alkali + water --- (alkali metal) hydroxide + hydrogen