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Science Yr 8 Summer Exam Revision > Acids and Metals > Flashcards

Acids and Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a solution

A

when a solute (usually solid) dissolves into a solvent (liquid)

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2
Q

what is a mixture

A

two or more different types of atom or molecule NOT chemically joined together

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3
Q

give an example of a mixture

A

air, syrup, sea water

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4
Q

give an example of a solution

A

squash

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5
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a substance consisting of only one type of atom or molecule

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6
Q

give an example of a pure substance

A

oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), helium (He)

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7
Q

what is a compound

A

two or more atoms of different elements chemically joined together

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8
Q

give an example of a compound

A

carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O)

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9
Q

what is an element

A

substance made up of only one type of atom

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10
Q

give an example of an element

A

helium (He) and oxygen (O2)

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11
Q

contrast dilute with concentrated

A

concentrated means a lot more substrate dissolved into substrate than in a dilute substance where there is a lot more solvent than substrate

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12
Q

give some examples of weak acids

A
  • ethanoic acid
  • citric acid
  • carbonic acid
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13
Q

give the chemical formula for ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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14
Q

give the chemical formula for citric acid

A

C6H8O7

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15
Q

give the chemical formula for carbonic acid

A

H2CO3

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16
Q

what does the word ‘acid’ mean in Latin

A

sour

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17
Q

weak acids definition

A

weak acids are used in every day life by everyone

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18
Q

list some every-day objects that contain weak acids

A
  • vinegar
  • fizzy drinks
  • tea
  • vitamin C
  • lemon juice
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19
Q

what acid does vinegar contain

A

acetic acid

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20
Q

what acid do fizzy drinks contain

A

carbonic acid

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21
Q

what acid does tea contain

A

tannic acid

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22
Q

what acid does vitamin C contain

A

ascorbic acid

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23
Q

what acid does lemon juice contain

A

citric acid

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24
Q

strong acids definition

A

strong acids are more corrosive so they can only be used safely in professional places like laboratories

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25
Q

give some examples of strong acids

A
  • hydrochloric acid (HCl)
  • sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
  • nitric acid (HNO3)
26
Q

what is the chemical formula (again) for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

27
Q

what is the chemical formula (again) for sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

28
Q

what is the chemical formula (again) for nitric acid

A

HNO3

29
Q

what is one every-day use of HYDROCHLORIC ACID

A

gastric acid in stomach

30
Q

what is one every-day use if SULPHURIC acid

A

used in the production of car batteries

31
Q

general definition for an acid

A

a substance with a pH of less than 7, and a sour taste which must be in an aqueous solution

32
Q

universal indicator definition

A

the substance that shows how acidic or alkaline is a substance by sorting the pH

33
Q

what colour is a strong acid in universal indicator

A

red

34
Q

what colour is a weak acid in universal indicator

A

orange

35
Q

what colour is a neutral substance in universal indicator

A

green

36
Q

what colour is a weak alkali in universal indicator

A

blue

37
Q

what colour is a strong alkali in universal indicator

A

purple/ violet

38
Q

what are the 4 types of bases

A

metal oxide/ hydroxide/ carbonate, or ammonia

39
Q

list examples of bases in real life every-day objects

A
  • nail polish remover
  • plant fertiliser
  • milk of magnesia (a medicine)
  • baking soda
  • drain cleaner
40
Q

what is a base

A

a substance with a BITTER taste that has a pH of more than 7 which neutralises an acids. Includes metal hydroxides/ metal oxides/ metal carbonates/ ammonia

41
Q

what is an alkali in terms of an aqueous solution

A

the base

42
Q

aqueous solution definition

A

if the solvent of a solution is water

43
Q

neutralisation reaction definition

A

when an acid and a base react to produce salt and water, which are both neutral substances

44
Q

what is a word equation

A

a chemical equation written out using words not formulas

45
Q

what is a chemical equation

A

a chemical equation written out using formulas

46
Q

define a salt

A

a compound formed of a metal and a non-metal

47
Q

write a general neutralisation reaction

A

acid + base — salt + water

48
Q

write a neutralisation reaction when the base is a metal carbonate

A

acid + metal carbonate — salt + water + carbon dioxide

49
Q

if sodium hydroxide was the metal reacting, what would be the first part of a salt’s name

A

salt = ‘sodium’______.

50
Q

what are the two parts that build up a salt’s name

A

metal reacting. acid.

51
Q

is there any exception to neutralisation reactions where an acid and base does not produce salt AND water both?

A

yes, ammonia as a base

52
Q

filtration definition

A

a method of separating an insoluble solid from a mixture of solid and liquid

53
Q

what does insoluble mean

A

impossible to dissolve

54
Q

complete:

we need f_____ p_____ and a f_____ to conduct filtration

A

filter paper and a funnel

55
Q

what is the name for the substance that stays on the filter paper in the funnel

A

residue

56
Q

what do we call the liquid that passes through the filter paper and into the beaker

A

the filtrate

57
Q

name 7 pieces of apparatus that we will need to filtrate copper oxide

A
  • beaker
  • hot solution after reaction
  • filter funnel
  • filter paper
  • unreacted copper oxide
  • conical flask
  • solution
58
Q

why do we evaporate and not boil the solution through crystalisation

A

boiling the solution would lead to smaller, fewer crystals

59
Q

how do you evaporate the liquid in crystalistation

A

gently heat it by adjusting the flame

60
Q

name 4 pieces of apparatus that we need to carry out the process of crystalisation

A
  • evaporating basin containing copper sulphate solution
  • tripod
  • bunsen burner
  • heatproof mat
61
Q

write a general equation for the reaction of an acid and a metal

A

acid + metal — salt + hydrogen

62
Q

write a general word equation for an alkali metal reacting with water

A

alkali + water — (alkali metal) hydroxide + hydrogen

Science Yr 8 Summer Exam Revision (10 decks)

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