The digestive and Excretory system

Question 1

what is heterotroph

Answer 1

living organisms that cannot synthesis the nutrients for survival

Question 2

what is ingestion

Answer 2

food taken into the body whole or piece by piece

Question 3

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 3

physical- increase surface area- teeth and muscle action

Question 4

what is chemical digestion

Answer 4

enzymes in the stomach and small intestine

Question 5

what is absorption

Answer 5

small molecules products of digestion enter the bloodstream

Question 6

what is egcstioin

Answer 6

non digested food leaves the body

Question 7

what is digestion

Answer 7

breakdown of larger, complex molecules that is gained from our food into smaller molecules that is transported into the blood stream

Question 8

what are macromolecules

Answer 8

• large molecules found in food nutrients
• proteins carbs and lipids

Question 9

what are monomers

Answer 9

small molecule products if digestion

Question 10

what typeof digestive enzyme is for protein

Answer 10

proteseas

Question 11

what typeof digestive enzyme is for carbs

Answer 11

amylases

Question 12

what typeof digestive enzyme is for lipids

Answer 12

lipases

Question 13

what monomers do protein produce

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

what monomers do carbs produce

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

what monomers do lipids produce

Answer 15

acid and glycero

Question 16

organs that secreate the enzymes of protein

Answer 16

stomach and pancreas

Question 17

organs that secreate the enzymes of carbs

Answer 17

salivary glands and pancreas

Question 18

organs that secreate the enzymes of lipids

Answer 18

pancrease

Question 19

what is absorption

Answer 19

absorption of the digestive products takes place in the small intestine mainly in a section called the iium thought the villi

Question 20

what are the structure of the villi

Answer 20

• the epithelium of each villus endoese the tiny blood vessels (capillaries)
• in the core is a small vessel called a lacteal- this absorbs the fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

what transport is done at the villi

Answer 21

• digested products and vitamins from the ileum
• glucose absorption thought diffusion
• amino acids and glucose is through active transport

Question 22

what is apart of the digestive system

Answer 22

• gastrointestinal tract
• structures include:
  -> mouth
  ->esophagus
  ->small intestine
  -> rectum
  ->pharynx
  ->stomach
  -> large intestine

Question 23

what are the mouths functions

Answer 23

• teeth mechanically break down food into smaller pieces
• tongue mixes food with saliva

Question 24

what are the esophagus functions

Answer 24

• 20cm long
• secreting mucus
• peristalisis- muscles movement

Question 25

what are the functions of the stomach

Answer 25

- stores food and breaks it down into pieces - mixes food with jucies that contain enzymes

Question 26

what os the function of the small intestine

Answer 26

- 7cm long - lining of intestine has finger like projections caused villi to increase surface area - covered in microvilli for bigger SA - absorbs: 80% water, proteins, carbs, lipids

Question 27

what is the function fo the large intestine

Answer 27

- 1.5 m long - absorbs the left over nutrients from the small intestine - end of the intestine is the rectum - bacterial digestion and fermentation of carbs - absorbs additional water - concentrates waste

Question 28

what are the functions of the glands

Answer 28

- not part of the ingested foods - plays a critical role in digestion

Question 29

what does the liver do

Answer 29

produces bile - acids in the digestion of fat - filters out toxins and waste - poisons/ drugs and alcohol

Question 30

what is the role of the kidney

Answer 30

- part of the excretory system - filters contents of blood to remove the waster products in our urine - reabsorbs any essential products back into the blood stream

Question 31

what are the roles of the nephron

Answer 31

- functional unit of the kidney ' - millions of nephrons in each kidney - this is where filtration and reabsorption of molecules occurs - has features needed for an exchange surface

Question 32

what are the three feature fo exchange surface

Answer 32

- large SA - moist -thin

Question 33

what are the functions of the glomeruls

Answer 33

- knotted capillary network coming from the renal artery bringing blood to the kidney to be filtered - the blood is traveling under high pressure

Question 34

what are the functions of bowman's capsule

Answer 34

- beginning of the nephrons containing the small contents from the high blood plasma

Question 35

what are the functions of the tubule

Answer 35

- where the filtrate travels to remove waste the substance in the filtrate which are needed by the body are selectively reabsorbed from the tubule

Question 36

what is the collecting duct

Answer 36

- contents remaing in the filtrate is primarily excess water and ions

Question 37

what is waste

Answer 37

products the body does not need which is excreted out the body

Question 38

what is metabolism

Answer 38

all biochemical reaction carried by living things

Question 39

what is metabolic reaction

Answer 39

each biochemical reactions that is part of a cells metabolism is metabolic reaction

Question 40

what is excreation

Answer 40

- some metabolic reaction produce harmful substances called metabolic waste that need to be removed - the removal is called excretion

Question 41

function of ureter

Answer 41

transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 42

function of bladder

Answer 42

stores the urine

Question 43

function of the urethra

Answer 43

transport urine out of the bladder during urination

Question 44

what is ADH

Answer 44

causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced