- it is a community interaction - organism complete for the same food - most intense between same species or species that have similar requirements

- a community interaction - one organism feed on another live organism - this could be feeding on plants or other animals

Biodiversity and ecosystems Flashcards by Katarina basic

what is biodiversity?

the variety that exits in life forms on this planet

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what are the three different levels of biodiversity and explain them

genetics- molecular diversity within a gene population
species- population diversity referring to the variety of different species in a habitat
ecosystems- diversity which refers to the different ecosystems

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why is biodiversity so important

oxygen, food and fresh water
provides resources and raw materials
breakdown of waste materials

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the hight the biodiversity of an …

ecosystem the more stable it is. population with reduced genetic diversity face increased extinction level

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what is endemic

it refers to a plant or animal species that are only found naturally in a region or country

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what is species

refers to a group of organisms that have much of their DNA sequences and genetic makeup.

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what characteristics are species grouped in

Physiological, morphology and behavioural characteristics

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what is a phenotypes

the appearance of an organism and is a direct expression of its genotypes

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what is a genotypes

the genes the individual passes and their physical characteristics

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what is genetic diversity

the verity of genes and forms of the genes tjay occur within a particular species

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what is natural selection

the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change

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what is genetic drift

population of organisms may experience variation in the different genotypes due to the loss of genes as individuals die from the population

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what is natural selection

traits of a species that change to better suit the environment

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what is genetic drift

population or organism may experience variation in the frequency of different genotypes due to the last genes are lost from the population

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what is the bottle neck effect

major changes in the gene pool caused by drastic reduction in population size

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what can cause the bottle neck effect

droughts, fires, floods, deforestation , hunting, diseases

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what is competition

it is a community interaction
organism complete for the same food
most intense between same species or species that have similar requirements

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what is predation

a community interaction
one organism feed on another live organism
this could be feeding on plants or other animals

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what is symbiosis

distinct relationships between two different species divided into three categories
- mutualism
- commensalism
- parasitism

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what is mutalism

beneficial relationship between two different species

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what is commensalism

one species benefits but the other us unharmed

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what is parasitism

parasits that lives on/in the host and obtains food and shelter. the host is harmed and will generally die

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what is ecosystem

Includes all living organisms (biotic) and the physical environment (abiotic) functioning together as a unit

heterotrophs in a community is called

consumers
- herbivores (primary consumers)
- carnivores (high order consumers)

what is a trophic structure

the community of living organisms within an ecosystem is trophic structure. this is apattern of feeding relationships in the ecosystems.

the hight the trophic level the...

the less the individuals are in the population

what are primary consumers

feeds on produces, secondary consumers feed on primary consumers and so on

what are decomposers

- obtain nutrition from dead materials at all trophic levels - they recycle so they return the nutrients back into the ecosystem

what is the structure of a population

organisms-> populations -> community -> ecosystems

what is biotic

living factors part of an ecosystem (plants, animals and bacteria)

what is abiotic

non living factors of ecosystem (air, material, temp)

what is a food chain

where each individual feeds on the organisms below it in the chain. in a food chain energy is transferred from organism to organism in the direction of the arrow

what are producers as consumers

make their own food

what are primary consumers

eats producers

what are secondary concumers

eat primary consumers

what is tertiary consumers

eats secondary consumers

why is biological classification important

it allow scientists to identify groups and properly name organisms using standard system based on similarities

how do we classify things

- structural - biochemical -cytological - embryological - behavioural (not very reliable) - fossils

what is the binomial naming system

first is genus (first letter capitalized ) second is species written in italics

what is hierarachal classification

- based on shared characteristics and molecular similarities - eukarya, archaea, bacteria

5 kingdoms of classification

- bacteria - protist - fungus - animal - plant

organism classification

- number of cells (unicellular VS multicellular) - type of cells

basis of classification

- physical features - reproductive strategies - molecular features

what are physical features

- are an expression of the genotype and the environment, organism with similar features are closer related to eg: animals: exoskeleton, feather, organs

what are reproductive strategies

- method of reproduction by sexual means, fusion or fertilisation, other asexul means not invloving gametes

how are mammals separated by reproductive strategies

- placentals (eg: humans) - marsupials (eg: kangaroos) - monotremes (eg: echidna)

what is molecular sequencing

- DNA is made of (A,C,G,T) - cytochrome C is a protien needed for aerobic respiration for all living organisms

what does A, C, G, T stand for

- adenine - cytosine - guanine -thymine

what is a population

ecosystems consist of a large number of different species. a population is a group of the same speies within the same ecosystem at the same time

what is a community

population of different species interact with each other within the same ecosystem making a community

what is a niche

-the way a population of organisms function in an ecosystem is an ecological niche]its discribed in therm of the population habitat and the roles the organisms in the population

What is Gause's principle

two or more resource- limited species having identical patterns or resources use cannot coexist in a stable environment. one species will be better adapted and will outcomplete the other

what is a fundamental niche

no compatiton

what is a realised niche

increased compatiton

ecosystem with higher biodiversity are ....

more likely to resist change and remain intact. this is a stable ecosystem if maintained for long periods of time

what is low diversity

results in less resilience so they are know as unstable ecosystems

keystone species are..

critical to the stability of the ecosystem