infectious diseases Flashcards
what is a disease?
a change to an organism that negatively impacts on the functioning of that organism
what are 5 non infectious diseases?
- nutritional disease- malnutrition
- genetic disorders- haemophilia
- aging disease- osteoarthritis
-cancer- uncontrolled cell regulation
-auto-immune diseases- asthma
what is a non infectious disease?
it is a disease where an organism can catch the infection but cannot transmit it
what is an infectious disease?
- infectious disease can be transmitted from person to person
- the disease needs to cross the protective barriers, to multiply inside the host and avoid the immune system
what are the 5 difference disease causing organism and what are they classified as?
the disease are pathogens
- bacteria
-fungi
-protists
-parasitic worms
-virus
what is an epidemic?
a rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time
what is a pandemic?
an epidemic that has spread through the human population across a larger region/ worldwide
what is a bacteria?
a small prokaryotic and unicellular organism that absorbs nutrients from there host (heterotrophic)
bacteria cells make up…..?
around 90% of bodies cells- most are either harmless or beneficial to human health
are bacteria different shapes?
yes, they can be vary in there shapes and in dome cases, they are linked together in chains or small groups
can bacteria replicate?
bacteria are able to replicated independently of host cells by a process called binary fission, but can damage the host tissue in a number of different ways
bacteria produces toxins or poisons chemicals that could?
- inhibit protein synthesis
- damage membranes
-inhibit transport of materials - interfere with nerve functions
explain cholera- what causes it and common sources
- vibrio cholerae, the bacteria that causes cholera, usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection.
- municipal water supplies/ ice from this supply
- foods and drinks sold by street vendors
-veggies grown with water containing human waste
-raw or uncooked seafoods
what is an example of a bacterial pandemic?
the black plague/ the bubonic plague
what is fungi?
it is multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from their host (heterotrophic)
what is the structure of fungi?
- most are composed of a system of microscopic tubular filaments of threads
- these branch and spread to form a structure known as mycelium
- the treads are called hyphae and the sporgngium contains spores by which the fungus reproduces
what is mycelium?
whaat is hyphae?
true or false- fungi can replicate independently
true
true or false- fungi cannot replicate independently
false
fungi produces spores these are?
small and light and float through the air. this develops if it lands on a damp surface. after it lands it bursts open and a thread grown out it grows branching out over the surface.
what is sporanagia?
fungi can damage the host tissue in a number of ways including..
- secrete enzymes that digest skin, nails and hair
- can lead to respiratory infections in those with a
Weaker immune system - secrete toxins that harms the host
name 1 fungi infection?
- name
- common what infection
- why is it called that name
-where does it live
medical name
ringworm
- common skin infection
- called ringworm because it causes a circular rash that is red and itchy
- the fungi lives on skin
- medical name is tinea (name depends on location on the body eg: athletes foots)
what are protists?
they are unicellular, eukaryotic organism that absorb nutrients from their host
what groups can protists be classified in and how are they classified
According to their parasitic natures and site of infection
- intestinal
- blood and tissue
true or false
protists can not replicate independently
false
true or false
protists can replicate independently
true
can protists damage host cells
yes and that can cause illness because it creates an infection within the organisms that can kill the host
what is an example of protists infection
maleria
- transferred by a bite of an infected mosquito
- the parasites multiply in the liver and bloodstream of the infected person
symptoms include
- chills
-profuse sweating
-headache
-diarrhoea
-cough
-muscle and joint pain
viruses are
- are not considered cells or living. viruses are smaller then prokaryotic cells
- the structure consists of DNA/RNA in a protein coat
unable to replicate independently of host cell they use the machinery of the host cell to replicate new viral parts which then combine to multiple new viruses
why can viruses not be treated by Antibiotics
can only be treated by immunisations
how can viruses damage the host tissue in a number of ways
- prevents the host cell form functioning properly
-kills host cells leading to tissue damage, organ failure and death
-weakness the immune system allowing fro secondary infection by another type of pathogen
what is an example of viruses
Coronavirus
what is active transport
- The body carriers out its own immune response to provide protection
- Natural exposure to pathogens
- Vaccination – exposure to a harmless form of the pathogen
what is passive transport
- Protection provided without carrying out an immune response
- Mother to baby: antibodies via the placenta and breastmilk
- Provide antibodies (rabies) or antivenom (poison)
