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infectious diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a disease?

A

a change to an organism that negatively impacts on the functioning of that organism

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2
Q

what are 5 non infectious diseases?

A
  • nutritional disease- malnutrition
  • genetic disorders- haemophilia
  • aging disease- osteoarthritis
    -cancer- uncontrolled cell regulation
    -auto-immune diseases- asthma
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3
Q

what is a non infectious disease?

A

it is a disease where an organism can catch the infection but cannot transmit it

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4
Q

what is an infectious disease?

A
  • infectious disease can be transmitted from person to person
  • the disease needs to cross the protective barriers, to multiply inside the host and avoid the immune system
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5
Q

what are the 5 difference disease causing organism and what are they classified as?

A

the disease are pathogens
- bacteria
-fungi
-protists
-parasitic worms
-virus

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6
Q

what is an epidemic?

A

a rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time

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7
Q

what is a pandemic?

A

an epidemic that has spread through the human population across a larger region/ worldwide

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8
Q

what is a bacteria?

A

a small prokaryotic and unicellular organism that absorbs nutrients from there host (heterotrophic)

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9
Q

bacteria cells make up…..?

A

around 90% of bodies cells- most are either harmless or beneficial to human health

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10
Q

are bacteria different shapes?

A

yes, they can be vary in there shapes and in dome cases, they are linked together in chains or small groups

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11
Q

can bacteria replicate?

A

bacteria are able to replicated independently of host cells by a process called binary fission, but can damage the host tissue in a number of different ways

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12
Q

bacteria produces toxins or poisons chemicals that could?

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • damage membranes
    -inhibit transport of materials
  • interfere with nerve functions
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13
Q

explain cholera- what causes it and common sources

A
  • vibrio cholerae, the bacteria that causes cholera, usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection.
  • municipal water supplies/ ice from this supply
  • foods and drinks sold by street vendors
    -veggies grown with water containing human waste
    -raw or uncooked seafoods
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14
Q

what is an example of a bacterial pandemic?

A

the black plague/ the bubonic plague

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15
Q

what is fungi?

A

it is multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from their host (heterotrophic)

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16
Q

what is the structure of fungi?

A
  • most are composed of a system of microscopic tubular filaments of threads
  • these branch and spread to form a structure known as mycelium
  • the treads are called hyphae and the sporgngium contains spores by which the fungus reproduces
17
Q

what is mycelium?

A
18
Q

whaat is hyphae?

A
19
Q

true or false- fungi can replicate independently

A

true

20
Q

true or false- fungi cannot replicate independently

A

false

21
Q

fungi produces spores these are?

A

small and light and float through the air. this develops if it lands on a damp surface. after it lands it bursts open and a thread grown out it grows branching out over the surface.

22
Q

what is sporanagia?

A
23
Q

fungi can damage the host tissue in a number of ways including..

A
  • secrete enzymes that digest skin, nails and hair
  • can lead to respiratory infections in those with a
    Weaker immune system
  • secrete toxins that harms the host
24
Q

name 1 fungi infection?
- name
- common what infection
- why is it called that name
-where does it live
medical name

A

ringworm
- common skin infection
- called ringworm because it causes a circular rash that is red and itchy
- the fungi lives on skin
- medical name is tinea (name depends on location on the body eg: athletes foots)

25
Q

what are protists?

A

they are unicellular, eukaryotic organism that absorb nutrients from their host

26
Q

what groups can protists be classified in and how are they classified

A

According to their parasitic natures and site of infection
- intestinal
- blood and tissue

27
Q

true or false
protists can not replicate independently

A

false

27
Q

true or false
protists can replicate independently

A

true

28
Q

can protists damage host cells

A

yes and that can cause illness because it creates an infection within the organisms that can kill the host

29
Q

what is an example of protists infection

A

maleria
- transferred by a bite of an infected mosquito
- the parasites multiply in the liver and bloodstream of the infected person
symptoms include
- chills
-profuse sweating
-headache
-diarrhoea
-cough
-muscle and joint pain

30
Q

viruses are

A
  • are not considered cells or living. viruses are smaller then prokaryotic cells
  • the structure consists of DNA/RNA in a protein coat
    unable to replicate independently of host cell they use the machinery of the host cell to replicate new viral parts which then combine to multiple new viruses
31
Q

why can viruses not be treated by Antibiotics

A

can only be treated by immunisations

32
Q

how can viruses damage the host tissue in a number of ways

A
  • prevents the host cell form functioning properly
    -kills host cells leading to tissue damage, organ failure and death
    -weakness the immune system allowing fro secondary infection by another type of pathogen
33
Q

what is an example of viruses

A

Coronavirus

34
Q

what is active transport

A
  • The body carriers out its own immune response to provide protection
  • Natural exposure to pathogens
  • Vaccination – exposure to a harmless form of the pathogen
35
Q

what is passive transport

A
  • Protection provided without carrying out an immune response
  • Mother to baby: antibodies via the placenta and breastmilk
  • Provide antibodies (rabies) or antivenom (poison)

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