The Diaphragm and Respiratory Movements

Question 1

which of the left or right dome lies more superior during normal expiration? why?

Answer 1

right dome as the liver is present on the right side

Question 2

to which vertebrae are the left and right crura attached?

Answer 2

left > L1-L2
right > L1-L3

Question 3

when the diaphragm contracts, do the domes ascend or descend?

Answer 3

descend

Question 4

what is the shape of the central tendon?

Answer 4

clover leaf

Question 5

to which tendon is the diaphragm attached?

Answer 5

central tendon

Question 6

to which costal cartilages and ribs is the diaphragm attached?

Answer 6

Coastal cartilages of ribs 7 to 10 and direct attachment to ribs 11 to 12

Question 7

to which part of the sternum is the diaphragm attached?

Answer 7

xiphoid process

Question 8

to which vertebrae is the diaphragm attached?

Answer 8

lumbar vertebrae

Question 9

at which vertebral level is the hiatus of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 9

T8

Question 10

at which vertebral level is the hiatus of the oesophagus?

Answer 10

T10

Question 11

at which vertebral level is the hiatus of the aorta?

Answer 11

T12

Question 12

through which part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pass and why?

Answer 12

central tendon, when the diaphragm contracts during inhalation, it widens and opens the inferior vena cava, facilitating blood flow to the heart.

Question 13

what are the main nerves supplying motor and sensory stimuli to the diaphragm?

Answer 13

phrenic nerves

Question 14

which nerves provide the sensory supply to the peripheral parts of the diaphragm?

Answer 14

lower intercostal nerves

Question 15

what are the spinal root values of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 15

C3,4,5

Question 16

normal expiration is usually?

Answer 16

a passive process