The development of national markets and the cloth trade

Question 1

why was the creation of national markets by the end of 1688 limited?

Answer 1

limited to wales and england. Scots did not gain a share in the new markets. Trasport between the scots and eng not developed. Ireland had seperate culture and language and religion so was treated as colonial possession than as equal to scots and eng.

Question 2

approx how many employed in cloth trade

Answer 2

200,000 - south west the pennines and east anglia

Question 3

the cloth trade had both markets?

Answer 3

national and international

Question 4

one reason for the prominence of the cloth trade?

Answer 4

whole sequ of anufacture could be split into sep processes . = great division of labout, cheapr, productive + fitted fam structure

Question 5

Where did the cloth trade spread to?

Answer 5

Outside of the national centres of Norwich and Colchester. Became established in Manchester and the north-west of England.

Question 6

The changing ‘new draperies’

Answer 6

intro by 1560s dutch immigrants + revived the eng textiles market.

Question 7

Norwich and Colchester had strong trading links with who?

Answer 7

the netherlands due to immigration

Question 8

persecution of protestants in europe was to the advantage of the brits?

Answer 8

1650s growing no of dutch and french protestant migrating ot eng = skilled worrkers helped in dev of lighter fabrics,silk which blended with eng wool.

Question 9

what syste flourshed during the 17th century textils?

Answer 9

putting off

Question 10

1560s to 1660s exports rose by?

Answer 10

£600,000 —> £1.5m

Question 11

Cloth accounted for ?% exports out of london in 1700

Answer 11

72% despite rival products entering the arket

Question 12

What key achievement of the Dutch in East Anglia?

Answer 12

introduction of new worsted draperies.

Question 13

who tf were the french protestant Huguenots?

Answer 13

emigrated after louis xiv forcing them to convert catholicisim.

Skilled carftmen. Silvermakers, watchmakers . settleted in eng. kent, london = est a major weaving industry in the east end

Question 14

Why had Britain not established a single national economy in 1625?

Answer 14

Poor communications and an absence of strong commercial enterprises meant regional economic activity was centred around market towns where local produce and livestock were bought and sold.

Regional industrial activity, linked to areas where raw materials were easily accessible.

Question 15

How did population growth affect markets?

In London, shipments of grain brought via the Thames increased from ….m kg in 1605 to ….m kg in 1661.

Answer 15

Increased demand for food esp due to growth of London necessitated better organisation of markets- development of a national market.

In London, shipments of grain brought via the Thames increased from 6.4 m kg in 1605 to 14.6 m kg in 1661.

Question 16

Turnpike Act

Answer 16

Development of national market required improved transport and infrastructure for better communication.

First Turnpike Act (1663) introduced new toll roads opened up by merchants and businessmen.

Paid for by travelers using roads, helped pay for upkeep.

Linked roads to major market towns.

Question 17

How did a more broader, more national economy develop?

Answer 17

Improvements to road and water transport meant better communication so regional specialisation developed e.g. Wiltshire became a centre for cheese-making and products sold throughout Britain.

As national economy began to take shape a more sophisticated financial structure began to emerge with development of banks.

In 1625, goods could only be bought from markets in different towns but due to urban development, by 1688, shops sprung up throughout country offering a wide range of goods to supply a growing consumer market.

Question 18

Impact of national markets on economy

Answer 18

Did not dominate economy until late 18th century as a large proportion of farmers still supplied local markets

Question 19

Impact of national markets on living conditions

Answer 19

Huge demand for food in London drained resources of other communities in the south east, reducing standard of living in these areas.

London acted as a sponge: London brewers regularly outbid those from other Southern towns to buy up all supply of hops and mostly destroyed local brewing.

Prices of basic agricultural commodities in 1650 were 6x higher than in 1500.