The Development of Attachment - Attachment

Question 1

Stages of Attachment (Schaffer & Emerson, 1960s):
Asocial stage (0-2 months)

Answer 1

Characteristics: Infants respond similarly to all objects, animate or inanimate. Begin to show preferences for human stimuli over objects by the end of this stage.

Attachment Formation: Reciprocity and interactional synchrony play a role in developing relationships.

Question 2

Stages of Attachment (Schaffer & Emerson, 1960s):
Indiscriminate attachment (2-7 months)

Answer 2

Characteristics: Infants start showing social preferences, can distinguish familiar and unfamiliar people. Display social behaviors but no stranger anxiety yet.

Question 3

Stages of Attachment (Schaffer & Emerson, 1960s):
Specific attachment (7+ months)

Answer 3

Characteristics: Infants form a primary attachment (usually to one main caregiver) and display separation and stranger anxiety.

Primary Attachment: Based on the response and sensitivity of the caregiver to the infant’s signals. This primary attachment figure provides comfort and security.

Question 4

Stages of Attachment (Schaffer & Emerson, 1960s):
Multiple attachments (1 year+)

Answer 4

Characteristics: Infants form secondary attachments (e.g., father, grandparents).

Multiple Attachments: Infants can have several attachments, though primary attachment figure remains most significant.

Question 5

Role of the Father (Primary)

Answer 5

Fathers are less likely to be primary attachment figures, often due to social roles. However, fathers contribute uniquely, often through play and physical activities, which supports social and cognitive development.

Question 6

Role of the Father (Secondary)

Answer 6

Fathers often take on a secondary attachment role, with a unique impact on children’s development through activities and play, which differ from maternal interactions.