Bowlby's Theory - Attachment

Question 1

Why Attachment Forms (Bowlby)

Answer 1

Based on an evolutionary perspective; attachment behaviours promote survival.
Infants without strong attachment may lack protection, impacting survival and reproduction.

Question 2

How Attachments Form (Bowlby)

Answer 2

Critical Period: Bowlby identified a biologically determined critical period (birth to 2 years) for forming attachments.
Infants who do not form attachments during this period struggle to form them later.
Social Releasers: Actions like crying and smiling activate caregiving behaviours, fostering attachment.

Question 3

Monotropy (Bowlby)

Answer 3

Infants form a primary attachment bond with a specific figure, typically the mother.
This figure provides a secure emotional base, vital for development and future relationships.

Question 4

Consequences of Attachment (Bowlby)

Answer 4

Internal Working Model: Primary attachment serves as a prototype for later relationships.
Positive attachment experiences → emotionally secure, trusting individuals.
Negative experiences → difficulties in forming healthy relationships.

Question 5

Evolutionary Perspective (Bowlby)
Darwin

Answer 5

Rooted in Darwin’s survival of the fittest; attachment behaviours (e.g., crying, clinging) enhance survival by keeping the infant close to caregivers.
Humans have evolved attachment as a mechanism for ensuring offspring survival and reproductive success.

Question 6

Continuity Hypothesis (Bowlby)

Answer 6

Strong early attachments lead to emotionally secure adults with strong future relationships.