Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > the development gap > Flashcards

the development gap Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

ways of dividing up the world?

A

1st -4th world
brandt line (north and south)
LEDC and MEDC
Five Fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the categories in the five-fold division of the world?

A 
rich industrialisation (UK)
oil exporting (UAE)
newly industrialising (India)
former centrally planned (Russia)
heavily indebted (Congo)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a chloropleth map?

A

coloured map where colours represent figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a isoline map?

A

where contour lines show elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the GNP

A

Gross National Product

measures the total economic output of a country, including earnings from foreign investments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the GDP?

A

Gross Domestic Product

is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is GNP per capita?

A

is a country’s GNP divided by its population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the HDI?

A 
Human Development Index
life expectancy
level of education
GDP per capita
Maximum = 1 (good)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to measure development?

A 
birth rate
death rate
literacy rate
infant mortality rate
no of doctors per 100 people
percentage of population with clean water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are single indicators not always great?

A

averages
only represent one thing
often countries don’t have resources to measure correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Quality of life/

A

qualitative measure of how happy people are with what they have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Standard of living?

A

access to the necessities in life (education, healthcare…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In general what make the global inequalities worse?

A

Environmental Factors
Economic Factors
Social Factors
Political Factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some environmental factors that make global inequalities worse?

A 
landlocked
climates that cause lots of disease (malaria)
rough/unfavourable topography
hard climate (flooding/droughts)
lack of natural resources 
natural hazards - Haiti Earthquake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some political factors that make global inequalities worse?

A

unstable government
corrupt government (e.g Zimbabwe)
War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some economic factors that make global inequalities worse?

A

in debt
low standard of living = bad base to built off
tariffs (tax on exports and imports) placed on goods by MEDC buyer
LEDCs tend to export raw materials whilst MEDC makes the profit from making things
poverty cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some social factors that make global inequalities worse?

A 
lack of self motivation
lack of skills (investors are put off)
unproductive social environment (in war)
lack of good water QUALITY
=illness = unable to work = no economic development
unreliable water SUPPLY
=limited crop yield = low food supply
=children walk in search for water = not in school = unemployable = poverty cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is trade?

A

the exchange of goods, money, services between countries or regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a trade surplus?

A

value of exports > value of imports

20
Q

What is the imbalance in trade?

A

LEDCs export lower value raw materials (cocoa or cotton)
so less foreign money comes in
so standard of living is low

rich countries want to pay very little and are able to because there is a bigger supply than demand so LEDC farmers are constantly lowering their prices to get chosen

21
Q

What are the attempts to reduce trade imbalance?

A

fair trade

conservation swaps

22
Q

Case Study of natural hazards affecting development?

A

Haiti Earthquake 2010

23
Q

Example of fair trade?

A

Kipkelion Union, Kenya

empower and increase coffee ownership of women

24
Q

What is a conservation swap?

A

portions of debt removed in exchange for a promise to conserve large parts of natural environment
= protected environment
= allowing the country to focus on improving standard of living

25
Q

Example of a conservation Swap?

A

USA gives $24 million in debt relief to GUATEMALA to protect forest

26
Q

What are loans?

A

money given that in the future needs to be returned but with interest

27
Q

Where is the money of loans got from?

A

World Financial Organisations

e.g World Bank

28
Q

What is debt relief?

A

either
reduce interest rate
reduce amount of loan
abolish debt all together

29
Q

What is aid?

A

form of help given from one thing (country, person ,etc.) to another
can be money, people, equipment, medical assistance…

30
Q

What is short term aid?

Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

given to relieve a disaster situation
+safes lives
+feel good factor
+draws attention to country so flow of money may continue
-well meaning organisations can fail to provide what is needed

31
Q

What is long term aid?

Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

Aid given for a significant period to promote economic development
+new industries improve skills and employment
+ agricultural improvement
+new infrastructure
+trade may continue
- may become reliant
- local land lost to large scale projects
-many not be sufficient to maintain schools etc.

32
Q

What is top-down aid?

Advantages and Disadvantages?

A 
when aid is co-ordinated by governments (usually large-scale projects)
\+makes donor country feel in control
\+often a lot to show for it to make donor country look good
\+solves large scale problems 
\+large improvements made 
- uses up huge amounts of money
- corruption
-often less sustainable 
-  individuals often are disadvantaged
33
Q

What is Bottom Up Aid?

Advantages and Disadvantages?

A

Aid provided for basic health care, clean water, education etc.
+ organised by charities - feel good factor
+direct link between donor + recipients
e.g letter writing
+ money NOT lost through corruption
+ projects are sustainable
- during recessions funds can fluxuate

34
Q

What is multilateral Aid?

A

MEDC –> International Organisations –> LEDCs

35
Q

What is Bilateral aid?

A

government –> government

36
Q

What is the EU?

A

European Union

27 countries

37
Q

What is a trading group?

A

a group of countries together to increase volume of trade

e.g EU

38
Q

What are the benfits of being in a trading group?

A 
increases export and import opportunites
workers are able to move freely within countries in the group
protected from other competition
jobs created from increased trade
high environmental standards
39
Q

What is an economic core?

A 
centre of a country economically
where businesses thrive
people have opportunities
highly development area 
e.g London
40
Q

What is an economic periphery?

A 
an area economically more on the edge 
more remote
poorer
less opportunities
less developed 
e.g North Scotland
41
Q

Compare two EU countries

A

Romania and UK

42
Q

How to reduce the differences between European countries?

A

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
European Investment Bank (EIP)
The Urban Fund II
Structural Funds

43
Q

What is the CAP?

A

guarantee a minimum level of food production to feed the population of the EU

  • ensures good standard of living for farmers
  • ensure farmers reach environmental standards
  • stabilise food prices
44
Q

What is the EIB?

A

provides finance for sustainable investment projects

finances new businesses and training people

45
Q

What is the Urban Fund II?
and who gets it?
e.g

A 
for sustainable development in troubled cities
(80% of EU citizens live in cities)
-high level of long term unemployment 
-high criminality
-low level of economic activity 
-low level of education
NEWCASTLE
46
Q

What are structural funds?

A

funds to support poorer regions (75% or less than the average GDP of EU)
improve infrastructure
aim = to get poorer to catch up with other richer EU regions
aim = to achieve solidarity
(member states provide financial support to poorer members)

Geography (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions