changing urban environments Flashcards
What issues do cities in MEDCs face?
1) housing
2) inner city
3) traffic
4) multicultural mix
5) decline of CBD
definition of urbanisation?
the incase of the PROPORTION of people who live in an urban area
Why do people move to urban environments in LEDCs?
PUSH lack of medical facilities new mechanisation causing unemployment droughts/flooding lack of food conflict PULL growth of factories = employment bright-light better education
Why do people move to urban environments in MEDCs?
PUSH less transport links and services lower pay PULL housing healthcare job opportunities better quality of life
What are the land uses of the CBD?
businesses
services
What are the characteristics of the CBD?
high rise buildings new and old buildings lots of transport links little open space very expensive land little/no housing
What are the land uses of the inner city?
used to be factories
now mainly lower class housing
regenerated
What are the characteristics of the inner city?
terraced housing
very little open space
derelict land
older, but improved buildings
What are the land uses of the inner and outer suburbs?
middle class housing transport
What are the characteristics of the inner and outer suburbs?
more open space
newer buildings
semi-detached and detached buildings
some businesses
What are the land uses of the rural urban fringe?
mixed land use (leads to conflict)
e.g golf courses, allotments, airports, parks,
how much has the population in the UK increased by since 1971?
7%
why is there a housing problem?
renting/buying homes younger more single people living alone marrying later living longer banks not investing government building rate is falling NIMBYism second homes green - belt
What are the solutions to the housing crisis?
government are getting more involved
(240,000 per year by 2016)
build on brownfield sites or greenfield sites
Benefits of building on greenfield sites?
don't need clearing so can be cheaper no restriction of roads pleasant countryside may appeal more space for gardens land cheaper for larger plots
Benefits of building on brownfield sites?
easier to get planning permission as councils want derelict land to be used
roads already exist
water and electricity already provided
What is happening in inner cities?
urban decline
social deprivation
run-down
Solutions to issues in inner cities?
UDCs - London Docklands
City Challenge - Hulme, Manchester
What does UDC stand for ?
What do they do?
Urban Development Corporation
large scale projects to make major changes to improve economic, social and environmental standards.
What does the City Challenge do?
local authorities, companies and local community work together to improve housing built in the 1960s in the inner cities.
What is the issue with Traffic in Cities?
Number of cars and vechiles has increased rapidly some families own more than one car = air pollution noise pollution buildings discoloured impacts on health - athsma unsightly more wasted fuel acid rain carbon monoxide - binds to haemoglobin global warming
What are some solutions to the traffic issue?
congestion charge, bike routes low emission zones park and ride public transport ring roads many carparks outside cities variable speed limit - all cars travel at same pace which reduces congestion
How to reduce pollution in cities?
laws against littering
litter bins
plantation of trees
clean air acts
Why do different races become segregated?
safety in number employment specialist facilities familiar culture support/family
