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changing urban environments Flashcards

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1
Q

What issues do cities in MEDCs face?

A

1) housing
2) inner city
3) traffic
4) multicultural mix
5) decline of CBD

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2
Q

definition of urbanisation?

A

the incase of the PROPORTION of people who live in an urban area

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3
Q

Why do people move to urban environments in LEDCs?

A 
PUSH
lack of medical facilities
new mechanisation causing unemployment
droughts/flooding
lack of food
conflict
PULL 
growth of factories = employment
bright-light 
better education
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4
Q

Why do people move to urban environments in MEDCs?

A 
PUSH
less transport links and services
lower pay
PULL
housing
healthcare
job opportunities
better quality of life
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5
Q

What are the land uses of the CBD?

A

businesses

services

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the CBD?

A 
high rise buildings
new and old buildings
lots of transport links
little open space
very expensive land
little/no housing
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7
Q

What are the land uses of the inner city?

A

used to be factories
now mainly lower class housing
regenerated

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the inner city?

A

terraced housing
very little open space
derelict land
older, but improved buildings

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9
Q

What are the land uses of the inner and outer suburbs?

A 
middle class housing
transport
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the inner and outer suburbs?

A

more open space
newer buildings
semi-detached and detached buildings
some businesses

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11
Q

What are the land uses of the rural urban fringe?

A

mixed land use (leads to conflict)

e.g golf courses, allotments, airports, parks,

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12
Q

how much has the population in the UK increased by since 1971?

A

7%

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13
Q

why is there a housing problem?

A 
renting/buying homes younger
more single people living alone
marrying later
living longer
banks not investing
government building rate is falling
NIMBYism
second homes
green  - belt
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14
Q

What are the solutions to the housing crisis?

A

government are getting more involved
(240,000 per year by 2016)
build on brownfield sites or greenfield sites

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15
Q

Benefits of building on greenfield sites?

A 
don't need clearing so can be cheaper
no restriction of roads
pleasant countryside may appeal
more space for gardens
land cheaper for larger plots
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16
Q

Benefits of building on brownfield sites?

A

easier to get planning permission as councils want derelict land to be used
roads already exist
water and electricity already provided

17
Q

What is happening in inner cities?

A

urban decline
social deprivation
run-down

18
Q

Solutions to issues in inner cities?

A

UDCs - London Docklands

City Challenge - Hulme, Manchester

19
Q

What does UDC stand for ?

What do they do?

A

Urban Development Corporation

large scale projects to make major changes to improve economic, social and environmental standards.

20
Q

What does the City Challenge do?

A

local authorities, companies and local community work together to improve housing built in the 1960s in the inner cities.

21
Q

What is the issue with Traffic in Cities?

A 
Number of cars and vechiles has increased rapidly
some families own more than one car
= air pollution
noise pollution 
buildings discoloured
impacts on health - athsma 
unsightly
more wasted fuel 
acid rain
carbon monoxide - binds to haemoglobin
global warming
22
Q

What are some solutions to the traffic issue?

A 
congestion charge,
bike routes
low emission zones
park and ride
public transport
ring roads
many carparks outside cities
variable speed limit - all cars travel at same pace which reduces congestion
23
Q

How to reduce pollution in cities?

A

laws against littering
litter bins
plantation of trees
clean air acts

24
Q

Why do different races become segregated?

A 
safety in number
employment 
specialist facilities
familiar culture
support/family
25
Q

How to INTEGRATE different cultures?

A 
signs in different languages
facilities for all (e.g gym)
acceptance of religious dress and symbols
support for different skills
improving education of english language
festivals - e.g Notting Hill Carnival
26
Q

Why are CBDs in decline?

A

more spacious shopping facilities out side the city (e.g brent cross)
CBDs are unpleasantly crowded and busy
Air quality is poor in cities
better transport links out the town

27
Q

What are the solutions to make CBDs more appealing?

A

pedestrianisation (restricting motor vehicles)
money spent to improve things for public like benches and paving stones
more parking spaces
buildings gentrified
altered road network to prevent congestion
renovated tourist facilities
vibrant colours

28
Q

What is the function of a city?

A

the work purpose
(eg oxford=education
portsmouth = port
york= cultural)

29
Q

What does it mean when a city is multifunctional?

A

more than one work purpose

e.g London

30
Q

What is Urban Growth?

A

an increase in the NUMBER of people living in urban environments

31
Q

what is caused by rapid urbanisation in LEDCs?

A 
(squatter settlements)
INDUSTRIALISATION
industrial contamination (Bhopal, India)
disposal of hazardous waste
air pollution
water pollution

Geography (17 decks)

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