The Development Gap

Question 0

Development measure (indicator)

Answer 0

Statistics used to show level of development which allows countries to be compared

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

(Usually) positive change in a country’s economic, social and political circumstances

Question 2

GDP/Capita

Answer 2

Gross Domestic Product: the total value of the goods and services produced in a country in a year, divided by it’s population (this aids comparison between countries). It gives a sense of the economic development of a country

Question 3

GNI/Capita

Answer 3

Gross National Income - GDP/Capita but GNI includes money wasn’t overseas eg. through TNCs or remittance

Question 4

Death rate

Answer 4

The number of deaths per 1000 of population per year. Less useful as a development indicator as death rates are high for both very poor and very rich countries

Question 5

Birth rate

Answer 5

The number of births per 1000 of population per year. Low birth rates are typical of more developed countries

Question 6

Adult literacy

Answer 6

The percentage of adult population that can read and write. Higher in developed countries

Question 7

Infant mortality

Answer 7

Number of children that die before they reach 1st birthday per 1000 of population. Lower in developed economies

Question 8

Human development index (HDI)

Answer 8

Development indicator combing GDP/Capita (PPP), life expectancy, adult literacy and number of years of schooling. Highest value possible = 1

Question 9

Correlation

Answer 9

Relationship. Can be seen on scatter graphs when two development indicator variables are compared. Can be positive or negative

Question 10

Standard of living

Answer 10

Concerns how much money and material possessions people have. Can be measured in GNI/Capita

Question 11

Quality of life

Answer 11

Concerns whether people are happy with their lives - this may be he case I’d they have good incomes, health, education, clean environment, community links, family ties etc. can be partly measured by HDI but includes other data

Question 12

Debt relief

Answer 12

Forgiving a debt, in part or in total, by one country to another

Question 13

Conservation swaps

Answer 13

A type of debit relief where he lending country exchanges the debt to encourage environmental protection

Question 14

Trade

Answer 14

The exchange of goods and services between countries

Question 15

Exports

Answer 15

Goods and services sold by a country

Question 16

Imports

Answer 16

Goods and services bought by a country

Question 17

Trade balance

Answer 17

Difference between value of a country’s imports and exports

Question 18

Trade surplus

Answer 18

Occurs when a country’s exports exceed value of it’s imports

Question 19

Trade deficit

Answer 19

Occurs when a country’s imports exceed value of it’s exports

Question 20

Trade grouping

Answer 20

Where several countries get together for he purpose of trying to increase the volume and value of trade eg. The European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA)

Question 21

Tariffs

Answer 21

Taxes paid on imports into a country. Usually put in place to protect the value of home produced goods

Question 22

Quotas

Answer 22

A limit on amount/volume of goods that can be imported

Question 23

Free trade

Answer 23

Where trade between countries is not restricted by any tariffs or quotas - eg. Trade within the EU

Question 24

Fair trade

Answer 24

A system whereby agricultural producers in less developed nations are paid fair (often higher price than market price) for the goods they produce. The extra cost is passed onto consumers

Question 25

Shot term aid

Answer 25

Aid given to relieve a disaster situation eg. food, shelter etc.

Question 26

Long term aid

Answer 26

Aid given over a long period to encourage development of country

Question 27

Donor country

Answer 27

Country giving aid to another country

Question 28

Receiving country

Answer 28

Country receiving aid from another country

Question 29

Bilateral aid

Answer 29

Aid given directly from one country to another - it may be “tied” to include trade and business agreements

Question 30

Multilateral aid

Answer 30

Where a number of richer nations give money to bodies such as he IMF or the world bank and this money is then distributed to countries to those who are less developed

Question 31

Top down aid

Answer 31

Aid given to governments so they can decide how the money is spent - ideal for large infrastructure projects etc. can lead to corruption or misuse if the money

Question 32

Bottom up aid

Answer 32

Aid given directly to communities, often through NGOs (non governmental organisations) for essential needs such as water supply

Question 33

Economic periphery

Answer 33

The edge of a country or region in terms of economics - a less well developed area eg. Eastern Europe in the EU

Question 34

Economic core

Answer 34

The centre of a country or region in terms of economics - a more developed area eg. Germany, France, UK in EU

Question 35

Sustainable development

Answer 35

Development which allows economic growth to occur and continue without harm to the environment or communities. It will benefit people alive today and does not negatively affect future generations ability to benefit.