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Geography > The Coastal Zone > Flashcards

The Coastal Zone Flashcards

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1
Q

Arch

A

A headland that has been broken through by the sea to form a gap under a precariously hanging piece of rock

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2
Q

Attrition

A

Rock fragments carried by the sea knock into one another making them smaller and more rounded

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3
Q

Backwash

A

The motion of the wave that returns the sediment back to the sea. Movement perpendicular to shore along line of least resistance

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4
Q

Bar

A

A spit that has grown across a bay

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5
Q

Bay

A

A softer weaker part of the coastline which erodes faster than the headlands, often with a beach

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6
Q

Beach

A

A build up of sand and sediment along part of the coast

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7
Q

Beach nourishment

A

Adding sand/shingle to a beach to manage it’s size

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8
Q

Bedding plane

A

A weakness between different layers (strata) of rock

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9
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Potential of waves to move sediment

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10
Q

Cave

A

A hollowed-out feature at the base of a cliff

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11
Q

Constructive wave

A

A wave where the swash is bigger than the backwash

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12
Q

Corrasion

A

Fragments of rock picked up and hurled by sea at a cliff

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13
Q

Cost-benefit analysis

A

Weighing up the costs of different approaches against the costs of not implementing them in order to make a financially sound decision

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14
Q

Deposition

A

Processes whereby material is left behind

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15
Q

Destructive wave

A

A wave where the swash is smaller than the backwash

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16
Q

Dune regeneration

A

Adding vegetation to bind sand dunes

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17
Q

Erosion

A

Break down of rock by an external agent (waves)

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18
Q

Estuary

A

The tidal mouth of a river where it meets the sea

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19
Q

Fetch

A

The distance waves travel before hitting a coastline

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20
Q

Freeze-thaw weathering

A

Water entering gaps, freezing, expanding by 9%. Repeated action breaks off loose bits of cliffs

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21
Q

Groynes

A

Timber of rock structures that prevent sediment being moved away from part of the beach by trapping it

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22
Q

Hard engineering

A

Building artificial structures in an attempt to slow down coastal erosion

23
Q

Headland

A

A harder more resistant part of the coastline that sticks out to sea

24
Q

Hydraulic power

A

Sheer power of the waves smashing onto the cliffs, blasting holes in the rock causing it to break apart

25
Q

Impermeable rock

A

A rock that doesn’t allow water into it ie. clay

26
Q

Joints

A

Small cracks in the rock formed during earth movements

27
Q

Longshore drift

A

The transport of sediment along a stretch of coastline caused by a prevailing wind attacking the beach at an oblique angle

28
Q

Managed retreat

A

Allowing certain parts of the coastline to erode as part of a sustainable approach ie. Happisburgh

29
Q

Permeable rock

A

Rock that allows water into it ie. limestone

30
Q

Pioneer plant

A

The first species to colonise an area (often grasses)

31
Q

Prevailing wind

A

Direction from which the wind most frequently comes

32
Q

Revetments

A

Wooden structures on the beach running parallel to the coast which absorb the waves’ energy

33
Q

Rock armour

A

Piles of large boulders dumped at the base of a cliff absorbing wave energy

34
Q

Rockfall

A

Fragments of rock falling from the cliff face

35
Q

Rotational slip

A

A slump of rock around a curved surface

36
Q

Saltation

A

A hopping or bouncing motion of particles too heavy to be suspended

37
Q

Salt marsh

A

Low-lying coastal wetland

38
Q

Sea wall

A

Concrete or rock barrier placed at the foot of cliffs

39
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

Rock laid down in layers at the bottom of the ocean and formed under the pressure of overlying oceans

40
Q

Shoreline Management Plan (SMP)

A

An integrated coastal management plan for a stretch of coastline in England or Wales

41
Q

Soft engineering

A

A sustainable approach to managing the coast without using artificial structures

42
Q

Solution

A

Rocks dissolved by seawater (eg. limestone)

43
Q

Spit

A

A finger of new land jutting out from the coast into the sea

44
Q

Stack

A

An isolate pinnacle of rock sticking out to sea at the end of a headland

45
Q

Stump

A

A stack that has been eroded down

46
Q

Suspension

A

Particles carried by the water

47
Q

Swash

A

The forwards movement of the wave up the beach. Parallel to the prevailing wind

48
Q

Traction

A

Large pebbles rolled along the seabed

49
Q

Vegetation succession

A

A sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment

50
Q

Wave-cut notch

A

A small indentation cut into a cliff at level of high tide caused by marine erosion

51
Q

Wave-cut platform

A

A wide gently sloping rocky surface at the foot of a cliff

52
Q

Weathering

A

Break down of rock in situ (in one place)

53
Q

Abrasion

A

The sandpaper effect of pebbles grinding over a rocky platform making it smooth

Geography (8 decks)

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