Population Flashcards
Exponential growth
A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases - often shown as a J-curve
BR
Number of babies born alive 1000 people per year (UK 10.7)
DR
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year (UK 10.1)
Life expectancy
Number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth
NIC
Newly industrialised country
-emerging industrial nations eg. Asian tigers, Malaysia, Philippines, China
Demographic transition model
Used to describe how BR and DR affect total population and how they are likely to change for different countries as they develop
Rural to urban migration (or vice versa)
Moving home from a rural area to settle in a city (or vice versa)
-urban-rural: MEDCs - seek better quality of life - work using telecommunications technology or commute to city daily (contribute to rush hour)
Natural increase/decrease
Difference between BR and DR (inc or dec of pop growth) (excludes immigration) -BR-DR
-could be because of epidemic/war/natural disaster/fertility rate dec etc
Ageing population
Population structure (often MEDCs) often high proportion of elderly people (advances in nutrition/medical care) - issues:
- don’t work
- need healthcare, pensions, social support, sheltered housing etc from taxes paid by smaller proportion of workers
- more young people employed in caring for elderly - removed from more productive jobs within economy - harms countries competitiveness
Child dependency ratio
Number of children in relation to number of working people, usually expressed as a ratio
Counter-urbanisation
Movement of people in MEDCs away from urban areas to live in smaller towns and villages
Dependency ratio
Ratio between those of working age and non working age
Dependent population
Those who rely on working population for support ie. elderly/young
Economic migrant
Person leaving their country to seek better economic opportunities (jobs) and so settle temporarily in another country
Economically active
People in employment who have to support dependent population
Emigrant
Someone who leaves an area to live elsewhere
Ethnic group
Group of people a person belongs to categorised by race/nationality/language/religion/culture
Family planning
Using contraception to control the size of your family
Ghetto
An urban district containing a high proportion of one particular ethnic group
Gross National Product (GNP) per capita
Total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year, divided by the total population
Human development index
Social welfare index, adopted by UN as a measure of development, based upon life expectancy (health), adult literacy (education), and real GNP per capita (economic)
Immigrant
Someone who moves into an area from elsewhere
Infant mortality
Number of babies dying before their first birthday per 1000 live births
Literacy rate
Proportion of total population able to read and write
Migrant
Someone who moves from one place to another to live
Migration
Movement of people
Natural population change
Difference in number between those who are born and those who die in one year (additional effects of migration are not included)
Net migration
Difference between number of emigrants and immigrants
Overpopulation
Too many people and not enough resources to support a satisfactory quality of life
Population change
Births - deaths + in-migration - out-migration
Population density
Number of people per square kilometre
Population pyramid
A graph which shows the age and sex structure of a place
Push-pull factors
Encourage or force people to leave a particular place; pull = economic and social attractions (real and imagined) offered by destination; push = downsides of origin
Quality of life
Things (eg housing) that affect your standard of living
Refugees
People forced to move from where they live to another area
Segregation
Where immigrant groups such as Turks in Germany become increasingly isolated in inner city areas of poor housing
Sparsely populated
An area that has few people living in it
Structure (of a population)
Relative percentages of people of different age groups, usually shown on a population pyramid
Urbanisation
Growth of towns and cities leading to an increasing proportion of a country’s population living there; gradual process common in LEDCs where 1 million people move from the countryside to cities every 3 days
Youthful population
In the population structure of LEDCs there is often a higher proportion of young people due to high birth rates and a reduction in infant mortality due to better nutrition, education and medical care - may create problems (children need feeding/housing/education/job (eventually)) - medical care/education has to be paid for by taxing a proportionally small number of workers
Transmigration
Migration within a country
