Population

Question 1

Exponential growth

Answer 1

A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases - often shown as a J-curve

Question 2

BR

Answer 2

Number of babies born alive 1000 people per year (UK 10.7)

Question 3

DR

Answer 3

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year (UK 10.1)

Question 4

Life expectancy

Answer 4

Number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth

Question 5

NIC

Answer 5

Newly industrialised country

-emerging industrial nations eg. Asian tigers, Malaysia, Philippines, China

Question 6

Demographic transition model

Answer 6

Used to describe how BR and DR affect total population and how they are likely to change for different countries as they develop

Question 7

Rural to urban migration (or vice versa)

Answer 7

Moving home from a rural area to settle in a city (or vice versa)
-urban-rural: MEDCs - seek better quality of life - work using telecommunications technology or commute to city daily (contribute to rush hour)

Question 8

Natural increase/decrease

Answer 8

Difference between BR and DR (inc or dec of pop growth) (excludes immigration) -BR-DR
-could be because of epidemic/war/natural disaster/fertility rate dec etc

Question 9

Ageing population

Answer 9

Population structure (often MEDCs) often high proportion of elderly people (advances in nutrition/medical care) - issues:

• don’t work
• need healthcare, pensions, social support, sheltered housing etc from taxes paid by smaller proportion of workers
• more young people employed in caring for elderly - removed from more productive jobs within economy - harms countries competitiveness

Question 10

Child dependency ratio

Answer 10

Number of children in relation to number of working people, usually expressed as a ratio

Question 11

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 11

Movement of people in MEDCs away from urban areas to live in smaller towns and villages

Question 12

Dependency ratio

Answer 12

Ratio between those of working age and non working age

Question 13

Dependent population

Answer 13

Those who rely on working population for support ie. elderly/young

Question 14

Economic migrant

Answer 14

Person leaving their country to seek better economic opportunities (jobs) and so settle temporarily in another country

Question 15

Economically active

Answer 15

People in employment who have to support dependent population

Question 16

Emigrant

Answer 16

Someone who leaves an area to live elsewhere

Question 17

Ethnic group

Answer 17

Group of people a person belongs to categorised by race/nationality/language/religion/culture

Question 18

Family planning

Answer 18

Using contraception to control the size of your family

Question 19

Ghetto

Answer 19

An urban district containing a high proportion of one particular ethnic group

Question 20

Gross National Product (GNP) per capita

Answer 20

Total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year, divided by the total population

Question 21

Human development index

Answer 21

Social welfare index, adopted by UN as a measure of development, based upon life expectancy (health), adult literacy (education), and real GNP per capita (economic)

Question 22

Immigrant

Answer 22

Someone who moves into an area from elsewhere

Question 23

Infant mortality

Answer 23

Number of babies dying before their first birthday per 1000 live births

Question 24

Literacy rate

Answer 24

Proportion of total population able to read and write

Question 25

Migrant

Answer 25

Someone who moves from one place to another to live

Question 26

Migration

Answer 26

Movement of people

Question 27

Natural population change

Answer 27

Difference in number between those who are born and those who die in one year (additional effects of migration are not included)

Question 28

Net migration

Answer 28

Difference between number of emigrants and immigrants

Question 29

Overpopulation

Answer 29

Too many people and not enough resources to support a satisfactory quality of life

Question 30

Population change

Answer 30

Births - deaths + in-migration - out-migration

Question 31

Population density

Answer 31

Number of people per square kilometre

Question 32

Population pyramid

Answer 32

A graph which shows the age and sex structure of a place

Question 33

Push-pull factors

Answer 33

Encourage or force people to leave a particular place; pull = economic and social attractions (real and imagined) offered by destination; push = downsides of origin

Question 34

Quality of life

Answer 34

Things (eg housing) that affect your standard of living

Question 35

Refugees

Answer 35

People forced to move from where they live to another area

Question 36

Segregation

Answer 36

Where immigrant groups such as Turks in Germany become increasingly isolated in inner city areas of poor housing

Question 37

Sparsely populated

Answer 37

An area that has few people living in it

Question 38

Structure (of a population)

Answer 38

Relative percentages of people of different age groups, usually shown on a population pyramid

Question 39

Urbanisation

Answer 39

Growth of towns and cities leading to an increasing proportion of a country’s population living there; gradual process common in LEDCs where 1 million people move from the countryside to cities every 3 days

Question 40

Youthful population

Answer 40

In the population structure of LEDCs there is often a higher proportion of young people due to high birth rates and a reduction in infant mortality due to better nutrition, education and medical care - may create problems (children need feeding/housing/education/job (eventually)) - medical care/education has to be paid for by taxing a proportionally small number of workers

Question 41

Transmigration

Answer 41

Migration within a country