The Demographic Transition Model and development Flashcards
what is a modern day example of stage 1 of the DTM?
traditional rainforest tribes
what is a modern day example of stage 2 of the DTM?
Afghanistan
what is a modern day example of stage 3 of the DTM?
India, Kenya, Brazil
what is a modern day example of stage 4 of the DTM?
USA, UK, France
what is a modern day example of stage 5 of the DTM?
Italy, Germany, Japan
describe stage 1 of the DTM
-low life expectancy
-population fairly stable
-high birth rate
-high death rate
describe stage 2 of the DTM
-population grows
-birth rate remains high
-death rate drops rapidly
describe stage 3 of the DTM
-population grows but not as fast
-birth rate drops rapidly
-death rate continues to decrease but more slowly
describe stage 4 of the DTM
-low birth rate
-low death rate
describe stage 5 of the DTM
-population starts to decrease
-birth rate very low and drops below death rate
what are the reasons for the birth rate characteristics in stage 1 of the DTM?
-no means of birth control
-fluctuates due to disease/famine/war
what are the reasons for the birth rate characteristics in stage 2 of the DTM?
-no means of birth control
-fluctuates due to disease/famine/war
what are the reasons for the birth rate characteristics in stage 3 of the DTM?
-more birth control
-pension provision increased
-materialism
what are the reasons for the birth rate characteristics in stage 4 of the DTM?
birth rate fluctuates due to economic situation
what are the reasons for the birth rate characteristics in stage 5 of the DTM?
birth rate fluctuates due to economic situation
what are the reasons for the death rate characteristics in stage 1 of the DTM?
-little medicine
-fluctuates due to disease/famine/war
what are the reasons for the death rate characteristics in stage 2 of the DTM?
-improved medicine
-improved hygiene
what are the reasons for the death rate characteristics in stage 3 of the DTM?
-improved medicine
-improved hygiene
what are the reasons for the death rate characteristics in stage 4 of the DTM?
-improved medicine
-improved hygeine
what are the reasons for the death rate characteristics in stage 5 of the DTM?
death rate increases slightly due to ageing population
what are the reasons for high birth rate?
-so many children die in infancy that parents have big families in the hoe that at least some babies will survive
-several religions such as, Catholics and Hindus encourage big families
-a big family is kind of an insurance policy, making sure that there are children and grandchildren to look after you when you are old
what are the reasons for a low birthrate?
-women have a better education and careers, so they tend to get married later and have fewer children
-people have more material possessions, homes, cars etc. and less time and money for children
-better advice and availability of contraceptives has lowered birth rates
what are the reasons for a high death rate?
-famine, unreliable supplies of food, shortages an an unbalanced diet all lead to deaths
-lack of clean piped water and proper sewage disposal can lead to water born diseases like dysentery and choler’s which causes death
-few doctors, hospitals, medicines or vaccinations mean that even simple injuries and illnesses can be fatal
what are the reasons for a low death rate?
-improved medical care, doctors, nurses, new hospitals, medicines and vaccinations
-as more food becomes available, the supply of food becomes guaranteed and there is a good variety of things to eat, people become healthier and live longer
-better infrastructure enable emergency services to reach all areas of the country so fewer people die
what is the link between DTM and development?
In a LIC you would expect a falling death rate and a very high birth rate. We expect a short life expectancy. In a HIC we would expect the exact opposite with the birth and death rate , in a HIC it would be 8 per thousand in an existing population whereas in a LIC it is 40 to 50 per thousand people.
