Causes and consequences of uneven development Flashcards
what are the causes of uneven development?
-physical causes
-historical causes
-economic causes
what are the physical causes of uneven development?
-being landlocked
-climate
-extreme weather
-lack of adequate water supply
-earthquakes/volcanic eruptions
how does being landlocked cause uneven development?
this prevents access to seaborn trade and food from fish
what does landlocked mean?
this means a country is only bordered by land, with no access to the sea
how does climate cause uneven development?
some climates are better for growing food than others, a moderate climate with rain is ideal and it needs to be suitable for work (not too hot or too cold)
when it’s too hot how does this effect workers?
they become lethargic and don’t want to work
when it’s too cold how does this effect workers?
it’s difficult to get to work and gets hard to operate machinery
how does extreme weather cause uneven development?
tropical storms, drought and floods all destroy infrastructure
how does lack of adequate water supply cause uneven development?
water is needed to grow food and industry so an inadequate water supply effects development, in poorer countries some people walk to collect water which takes a lot of time out of their lives
how do earthquakes and volcanoes cause uneven development?
destroys infrastructure which has a negative impact on poorer countries
what are the historical causes of uneven development?
-colonialism
-conflict
how does colonialism cause uneven development?
-the aims of colonialism were to build global influence in order to better compete against a rival state and to access raw materials and labour
-South American, Asian and African cultures were badly effected, especially those that were a part of the slave trade, colonialism only benefitted the European countries and not the countries they took over
how does conflict cause uneven development?
the country uses a large proportion of their resources on war instead of development, conflict also destroys infrastructure
what are the economic causes of uneven development?
-poverty
-exploitation of LICs
-trade (TNCs)
how does poverty cause uneven development?
poverty causes poverty as there is a low life expectancy, frequent illness and the lack of a nutritious diet makes economic development hard to achieve–> if people can’t buy anything in the first place then there is no demand for goods and they improve the economy
how does exploitation of LICs cause uneven development?
rich countries and large international companies have a lot of power, they want to pay as little as possible for their raw materials –> there is often more supply than demand which keeps prices low (this allows the richer countries to get richer and poorer countries to get poorer)
how does trade cause uneven development?
North America and Europe dominate world trade, the importance of Asia is growing as it includes Japan and the emerging economies of India China, most of the world’s trade is between richer countries
what are the different consequences of uneven development?
-wealth
-health
why is wealth a consequence of uneven development?
poorer people means there’s a lower tax intake so it’s worse for the economy, if people can’t afford to buy things then there’s a lower consumer demand which is worse for the economy
why is health a consequence of uneven development?
if you have poor health you can’t work which is worse for the economy- the wealthier more developed African countries have fewer cases of malaria due to vaccination programs
what is the definition of migration?
the movement of people
what is the definition of domestic migration?
movement of people within a country
what is the definition of international migration?
movement of people between countries
what is the definition of voluntary migration?
people who choose to migrate
what is the definition of forced migration?
people who have to migrate because of push factors
what is the definition of an immigrant?
a person who moves into a country
what is the definition of an emigrant?
a person who moves out of a country
what is the definition of a refugee?
someone who is moving for fear of their own safety
what is the definition of asylum seeker?
a refugee who has formally applied to reside in a country
what is the definition of a displaced person?
someone who is living not where they want to
what is the definition of an economic migrant?
someone moving for work
how has technology effected LICs?
technology has allowed LICs to become increasingly aware of the development gap which leads to an increased international migration
what is the definition of remittance?
when people working in a rich country sends money home to their family in a poorer country
what are the positive effects of migration?
-more skill sets available to UK economy
-creates more demand for goods
-increases tax receipts
-people become more culturally aware
what are the negative effects of migration?
-more demand for housing
-‘take our jobs’
-more demand for education
-potential for segregation
describe the brain drain
the most intelligent and mobile people often leave poorer countries to work in richer countries as the salary is better e.g. Cuban doctors –> America and Indian IT experts –> UK
