The Dark Triad Flashcards
name some adjectives to describe narcissism
grandiosity, dominance, entitlement, egotism
name some adjectives to describe Machiavellianism
manipulativeness, cynicism, pragmatic morality
name so adjectives to describe psychopathy
impulsivity, thrill-seeking, lack of empathy or anxiety
who researched narcissism?
raskin & hall, 1979
who researched machiavllianism?
christie & geis, 1970
who researched psychopathy?
hare, 1991
describe the evolutionary theory of the dark triad
short term, agent, exploitative social strategy (exploit others for own survival, attract mates at expense of competitors. fluctuating selection, negative frequency-dependent selection. cross cultural.
how do personality traits relate to narcissism?
high extraversion and high openness. self-enhancement
how do personality traits relate to psychopathy?
high extraversion, high openness, low neurotics, low conscientiousness
how do personality traits relate to machiavellianism?
low conscientiousness
what is a method used to measure dark triad traits?
the dirty dozen - Jonason & Webster, 2010
what could be a fourth member?
everyday sadism (Buckels, Jones & Paulhus, 2013)
describe everyday sadism
callousness enjoyment of cruelty, seek opportunities to cause suffering. hurting people is exciting. correlated with .40 - .60 with machiavellianism and psychopathy. shares dark core of low agreeableness, empathy and honesty/humility. predicts vandalism and online trolling
name some adaptive (admiration) components of narcissism
authority, self-sufficiency, high self esteem. self-enhance sing public and private strategies
name some maladaptive (rivalry) components of narcissism
entitlement, exploitativeness, exhibitionism. self-enhance and self protect using public strategies
describe the self mental construal of narcissism
grandiose self-views, agents concerns, underlying fragility?
describe the other mental construal of narcissism
use for self-enhancement. others are inferior or idealised
describe the intRApersonal self regulation process of narcissism
attributions, overconfidence, react to threat with anger over sadness. feed into self construals
describe the intERpersonal self regulation process of narcissism
self-presentation, seek power and superiority, short-term mating, derogate others, react aggressively to threat. feed into self construals, affect others
name some instrumental (primary) components of psychopathy
shallow affect, low empathy, interpersonal coldness, emotionally stable psychopaths
name some hostile/reactive (secondary) components of psychopathy
impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, aggressive psychopaths
high dark-triad scorers are more likely to…
engage in short-term/unrestricted sex; poach mates and have mates poached (same); retain mates using aggression (Jonason et al., 2009/10)
describe how psychopathy shows aggression
physical, verbal and premeditated
describe how machiavellianism shows aggression
physical, verbal and hostility
describe how narcissism shows aggression
hostility, narcissistic rage
most frequent crimes for psychopathy? (students)
all delinquent behaviour, including serious crime (Williams et al. 2011)
most frequent crimes for machiavellianism? (students)
bullying and minor crime (Williams et al. 2011)
most frequent crimes for narcissism? (students)
bullying, drugs, anti-authority acts, minor crime (Williams et al. 2011)
according to Blickle et al. (2006), white collar criminals are higher in what than current managers?
narcissism
accordion to Hepper et al. (2014), young offenders are higher in what than community members?
narcissism (especially entitlement). mediated by low empathy
who found widespread evidence for high psychopathy in offenders?
Leistico et al., 2008. met-analysis d=.55
describe narcissism and relationships
ludos love style, low commitment, focus on alternatives (Campbell & Foster, 2007). relationships end quickly, partner unhappy (Foster et al., 2003). attractive for short term flings but predict conflict and lower quality (Wurst et al., 2016)
describe the heritability of narcissism
59% genetics, 41% non-shared environment (Vernon et al. 2008 - twin study)
describe the heritability of psychopathy
64% genetics, 32% non-shared environment (Vernon et al. 2008 - twin study)
describe the heritability of machiavellianism
31% genetics, 39% shared environment. 30% non-shared environment
describe some environmental causes of narcissism
detectable from 8. retrospective evidence supports the spoilt hypothesis - parental overvaluation, leniency indulgence eg. Cramer 2011. but needs more research
