Introduction

Question 1

what are the wider influences we look at when studying individual differences?

Answer 1

behaviour, cognitive processes, thoughts and feelings

Question 2

what does individual differences psychology study?

Answer 2

the structure and determinants of enduring psychological characteristics as perceived by the individual and those around them

Question 3

what are some different approaches to individual differences?

Answer 3

inspired by normal or abnormal functioning? focus on abilities or tendencies? basic or applied research? can individuals self-report accurately or not?

Question 4

what does reliability indicate?

Answer 4

the amount of measurement error in responses

Question 5

what does inter-rater reliability look at?

Answer 5

who

Question 6

what does test-retest reliability look at?

Answer 6

when

Question 7

what does internal consistency look at?

Answer 7

which bit

Question 8

what are some different types of validity?

Answer 8

face, convergent, discriminant, predictive

Question 9

what is convergent validity?

Answer 9

convergence between self-reports and other-reports. convergence between explicit and implicit tests.

Question 10

what are some different measures of personality?

Answer 10

observational measures (interviews, behavioural coding). explicit self-report questionnaires. implicit measures (projective tests, implicit association test)

Question 11

describe a study showing personality traits effect on life outcomes

Answer 11

Soto (2019). attempted to replicate 78 associations of Big 5 traits with important life outcomes. 87% of effects replicated. effect sizes 77% as strong as the original