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PIP > Adult attachment in relationships > Flashcards

Adult attachment in relationships Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 main attachment functions/features?

A

secure base, safe haven, proximity maintenance, separation anxiety

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of adult pair bond?

A

attachment, caregiving, sexuality

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3
Q

define internal working models

A

mental representations/schemas of relationships that guide expectations and behaviour

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4
Q

what is a self internal working model?

A

am i worthy of love and affection?

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5
Q

what is an other internal working model?

A

will my caregiver be available and reliable?

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6
Q

what dictates adult relationship style?

A

nature of experiences with primary caregivers + am i worthy of love and affection + will my caregiver be available and reliable?

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7
Q

how stable are internal working models?

A

persist over time and applied to new people, but open to revision in light of significant experiences

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8
Q

a negative other-model leads to what level of avoidance?

A

high

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9
Q

a positive other-model leads to what level of avoidance?

A

low

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10
Q

describe a high avoidance level

A

rejecting/neglectful care. no genetic component. suppresses emotions, self-reliance, defensive discomfort with intimacy

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11
Q

a negative self-model leads to what level of anxiety?

A

high

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12
Q

a positive self-model leads to what level of anxiety?

A

low

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13
Q

describe a high anxiety level

A

inconsistent/overprotective care. 40% heritable. clingy, fear abandonment, difficulty regulating emotions

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14
Q

negative self-model and negative other-model lead to what kind of attachment?

A

fearful avodiant

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15
Q

negative self-model and positive other model lead to what kind of attachment?

A

preoccupied

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16
Q

positive other-model and positive self-model lead what kind fo attachment?

A

secure

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17
Q

positive self-model and negative other-model lead to what kind of attachment?

A

dismissing avoidant

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18
Q

describe a study measuring attachment system activation in adulthood

A

Mikulincer, Gillath & Shaver (2002) lexical decision task. threat: faster RTs t attachment figure names

19
Q

describe the results for attachment anxiety in the Mikulincer, Gillath & Shaver (2002) study

A

faster RTs to attachment figure names in general (hyperactivation)

20
Q

describe the results for attachment avoidance in the Mikulincer, Gillath & Shaver (2002) study

A

slower RTs after ‘separation’ threat (deactivation)

21
Q

what are the two different parts of global/default models?

A

parents and peers

22
Q

what are the two different parts of peer models?

A

friends and romantic partners

23
Q

what are the two different parts of romantic partner models?

A

ex and partner

24
Q

what big 5 trait relates most to high anxiety (preoccupied or fearful avoidant type)?

A

neuroticism

25
Q

what big 5 trait relates most to a dismissing avoidant attachment style?

A

higher openness

26
Q

what big 5 trait relates most to a secure attachment style?

A

higher extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness

27
Q

what big 5 trait relates to low avoidance (preoccupied or secure)?

A

higher agreeableness

28
Q

with a secure attachment, how is affect regulated?

A

there is an inner resource for regulating affect. they can seek support when needed

29
Q

with an avoidant attachment, how is affect regulated?

A

suppresses emotional experience and expression (eg. Sadikaj et al, 2011). cope using interpersonal distance and self-reliance. self-esteem may depend on being independent

30
Q

with an anxious attachment, how is affect regulated?

A

experience and express emotions intensely (eg. Sadikaj et al., 2011). cope using interpersonal closeness and dependence. self-esteem unstable, may depend on approval/affection from others

31
Q

describe Sadikaj’s 2011 study

A

attachment questionnaire (anxiety and avoidance scores). reported every social interaction >5 min for 20 days. how others behaved (agency + communion), positive and negative affect

32
Q

describe the results of Sadikaj’s 2001 study

A

positive affect: no main effects of attachment. stronger in interactions with romantic partners. remind sig when the big 5 was controlled.

33
Q

what are some mental health issues that can come with an avoidant attachment type?

A

eating disorders (restrictive) and depression (over-reliance on self)

34
Q

what are some mental health issues that can come with an anxious attachment type?

A

anxiety disorders, eating disorders (bingeing), depression (over reliance on others), borderline personality disorder

35
Q

what are the effects of an avoidant attachment style in terms of romantic relationships?

A

less likely to get involved and less self disclosure and emotional expression. low support seeking, and less sensitive support given. less satisfied, committed and trusting. linked to ludus love style.

36
Q

describe Simpson, Rholes & Helligan’s 1992 study

A

attachment questionnaire (anxiety and avoidance cscores). female participant taken to waiting room, joined by partner, left alone for 5 mins

37
Q

describe the results of Simpson, Rholes & Helligan’s 1992 study

A

attachment anxiety was unrelated to support-seeking. as observed fear increases, secure women showed more support seeking, but more avoidant-women showed less support seeking

38
Q

what are the effects of an anxious attachment style in terms of romantic relationships?

A

commit quickly. compulsive (not sensitive) caregiving. interpret behaviour negatively. more jealousy and conflict due to chronic need for intimacy and excessive reassurance seeking. linked to mania love style

39
Q

is attachment theory evolutionarily adaptive?

A

insecure strategies develop to maximise protections and survival in infancy (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007)

40
Q

is social defence theory evolutionarily adaptive?

A

adaptive for groups to include insecure as well as secure members to deal with threat. anxiety = faster threat detection. avoidance = faster action/

41
Q

how does anxious attachment style change with age?

A

decreases

42
Q

how does avoidant attachment style change?

A

lower when in a long-term relationship. causality?

43
Q

how do security levels change?

A

decrease after a break up but increase across the transition to motherhood

44
Q

what is the effect of security being primed subliminally?

A

activates secure base representations. reduces state insecurity, influence info processing - Mikulincer et al., 2001

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