The Criminal Justice System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the CJS?
A
- CJS is the different agencies and organisations involved in crime control and prevention which also involves identifying, controlling and punishing offenders
2
Q
Who are the key agencies of the CJS?
A
- The police
- CPS
- Court system
3
Q
Who are the government departments responsible for the CJS?
A
- The Home Office = Oversees the police and protects public from crime and anti-social behaviour. They are responsible for crime reduction and policing
- The Attorney General = Oversees the CPS, responsible for the rule of law being upheld
- Department for Justice = Oversees the court system and responsible for reducing re-offending and prisons
4
Q
What is the four roles of the CJS?
A
- Deterrence
- Public Protection
- Retribution
- Rehabilitation
5
Q
What is conflict policing?
A
- Police are not part of the community but are a hostile outside force
- Police are working directly in the interests of the ruling class against the interests of the proletariat
6
Q
What is consensus policing?
A
- Police come from and working on behalf of the community
- Their presence is reassuring
- They follow up crimes reported by the public and well known in the community
7
Q
What do functionalists believe about the CJS?
A
- See the CJS as a vital institution in society
- It works with other social .institutions to ensure social solidarity and cohesion by maintaining the law and order
8
Q
What do Marxist’s believe about the CJS?
A
- Marxists see the CJS as a repressive state apparatus used by the ruling class to maintain their power through oppression appearing to be legitimate
9
Q
What do feminists believe about the CJS?
A
- The CJS is a tool of the patriarchy to maintain the power
- Members of the CJS are men and women often face double victimisation and double deviancy
- Sandra Walklate found the term double victimisation which is that they suffer further harm due to the crime and then the CJS
10
Q
What does Garland argue about the CJS?
A
- Garland suggests that the focus of the CJS was rehabilitation but there has now been a growing emphasis on retributive justice such as punishment
- This has led to a huge increase in prisoners which has doubled since 1970
- This is echoed in the politicians wanting to crack down on crime
11
Q
What do Crawford and Evans argue about CJS?
A
- The emphasis on the crime reduction since the 1980’s which has focussed on the prevention of crime rather than simply the punishment of crime as a punishment as it is expensive and ineffective
- The CJS should be more concerned with protecting the victim and recognising their needs
12
Q
What is the culture of control?
A
- Garland argues their is a culture of control which is that the CJS are focussed on controlling, preventing and reducing the risks of people being victims rather than rehabilitating criminals
- This is evidence through the increased use of private security
13
Q
What do post modernists argue about the CJS?
A
- Postmodernists argue there is a growing detachment of the CJS from centralised control to informal localised control such as private security measures
14
Q
What is restorative justice?
A
- Restorative justice focuses on the harm being repaired caused by the criminal behaviour rather than punishing the behaviour
- Reintegrative shaming works alongside this as the offender should feel ashamed but not permanently labelled as a bad person focussing them to understand the harm they caused and then to be reintegrated into society
- Restorative justice is used to divert people from committing low level crimes
15
Q
What is the prevention role of the CJS?
A
- Situational crime prevention
- Environmental crime prevention
- Social and community crime prevention
16
Q
What is the control role of the CJS?
A
- Increased social control
- Things such as neighbourhood watch, parenting order, heavier policing and harsher sentences
