The Creation of Israel + The Arab Israeli War Flashcards

1
Q

What is UN Resolution 181?

A

Proposed plan which recommended partition into Jewish and Arab states.

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2
Q

Who by and when was UN Resolution 181 decided upon?

A

May 1947 the UN set up a Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) to investigate possible solutions to the problem.

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3
Q

What was the purpose of UN Resolution 181?

A

They went to Palestine and spoke to Jewish leaders and the British and toured neighbouring countries.

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4
Q

How did the Arabs react to UNSCOP?

A

The Arabs boycotted UNSCOP saying it was pro-Zionist and had no right to be there.

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5
Q

The proposed Arab state would have what percentage of Jews in it?

A

The proposed Arab state would have just a 1% Jewish population.

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6
Q

The proposed Jewish state would have what percentage of Jews in it?

A

The proposed Jewish state would have a 55% Jewish population.

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7
Q

Jerusalem and Bethlehem would belong in which state?

A

Jerusalem and Bethlehem would be in neither state but an international zone with a 49% Jewish population

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8
Q
  1. What percentage of the population did Arabs make up?
  2. What was their proposed percentage of land?
A

Arabs made up 67% of the population but their proposed state was 44% of the current Palestinian land

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9
Q

How did the USA and USSR react to the proposed partition (UN Resolution 181)? Why?

A

USA and USSR voted in favour and influenced other countries to do the same – sympathy for Jews due to the Holocaust

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10
Q

How did the British Government react to the proposed partition (UN Resolution 181) ? Why?

A

British government were against the resolution as thought it was unfair to Arabs and would lead to civil war

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11
Q

How did the Jewish Agency react to the proposed partition (UN Resolution 181) ? Why?

A

Jewish Agency officially accepted the resolution – they were pleased they had their own state

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12
Q

Why did not all Jews accepted the proposed partition (UN Resolution 181)?

A

Not all Jews accepted – Extremists thought they were entitled to more, especially Jerusalem.

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13
Q

Why were Palestinian Arabs angry at the proposed partition (UN Resolution 181)?

A

Palestinian Arabs were angry – Arab Higher Committee rejected as UN had no right to take their land away – called for an Arab uprising

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14
Q

Arab states voiced objections to the proposed partition (UN Resolution 181)? What did they set up?

A

Arab states voiced objections – set up Arab Liberation Army (fighters from Syria, Lebanon and Transjordan).

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15
Q

What happened on November 1947?

A

November 1947, the UN voted with 2/3 majority to approve the Partition Plan and lead to the official creation of Israel

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16
Q

What would both Jewish and Arab states have?

A

Both states and the international zone would have the same currency, transport and communication services.

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17
Q

In the first 12 days after the UN vote, how many were killed?

A

In the first 12 days after the UN vote, Arab attacks left 79 Jews dead.

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18
Q

As a result of these Arb attacked what did the Haganah do?

A

Jews led by Haganah fought back leading to civil war.

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18
Q

By February 1948, how many Palestinians had left to escape the violence?

A

By February 1948 about 100,000 Palestinians had left to escape the violence.

18
Q

What happened in March 1948?

A

In March 1948, Haganah introduced Plan D – this meant taking control of all the Arab towns and villages inside or close to the proposed Jewish territory – if they were resisted they were to be expelled. Some historians have called this an example of ethnic cleansing.

18
Q

What was Plan D?

A

This meant taking control of all the Arab towns and villages inside or close to the proposed Jewish territory – if they were resisted they were to be expelled. Some historians have called this an example of ethnic cleansing.

19
Q

What did Plan D lead to?

A

Deir Yassin Massacre.

20
Q

What did the Arab forces do during the beginning of the Deir Yassin Massacre?

A

Arab forces were stopping supplies from reaching the 100,000 Jews in Jerusalem

21
Q

Where was Deir Yassin Massacre?

A

Deir Yassin was a quiet Arab village close to Jerusalem – it had signed an agreement not to fight its Jewish neighbours

22
Q

What happened on 9th April 1948?

A

On 9th April 1948, Irgun fighters massacred 100 of its inhabitants including women and children, as they claimed that it was being used as an Arab base.

23
Q

How many Arabs feel in Jewish territory as a result of the Deir Yassin Massacre?

A

Arab radio broadcast details of the atrocity – this led to 250,000 Arabs fleeing Jewish territory in panic.

24
Q

When was the state of Israel proclaimed, and by who?

A

Ben-Gurion proclaimed the state of Israel on 14th May 1948, immediately recognised by USA and USSR.

25
Q

When did the last British troops leave Israel?

A

The last British troops left on 15th May 1948.

26
Q

What did the Arab states do once the last British troop left?

A

Arab states denounced it and on the same day troops from Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon and Iraq (supported by Saudi Arabia) invaded Israel

27
Q

What Arab countries invaded Israel?

A
  1. Egypt
  2. Syria
  3. Transjordan
  4. Lebanon
  5. Iraq (supported by Saudi Arabia)
28
Q

When did the Arab states invade Israel? How did Israel struggle with this?

A

Arab states invaded Israel from nearly all directions between May and June 1948. Israel struggled with little artillery and minimal weapons.

29
Q

What areas did Transjordan capture?

A

Transjordan captured the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

30
Q

What areas did Iraq capture?

A

Iraq invaded the North.

31
Q

What areas did Egypt capture?

A

Egypt invaded the South capturing Gaza.

32
Q

What happened on 11th June 1948?

A

On 11th June 1948 the UN arranged a month’s truce – key to Israel’s survival.

33
Q

What happened during the one months truce (June 1948)?

A

In this time Israel established a military structure with Ben-Gurion in charge (IDF) and bought weapons for the army and air force from Czechoslovakia.

34
Q

What happened on 8th July 1948 (2 days before the end of the the one months truce)?

A

2 days before the truce (8th July 1948) was due to end, Ben-Gurion ordered the Israelis to attack .

35
Q

Why did breaking the first months truce help Israel?

A

They had complete surprise and captured Arab towns near Tel-Aviv such as Ramleh and expelled their Arab populations.

36
Q

As a result of breaking the first months truce, what did the UN do?

A

The UN then arranged another truce which lasted for 3 months

37
Q

The three month truce was also broken by Israel. What land did they capture?

A

This truce was also broken by the Israelis, who captured Galilee and then retook the Negev Desert from Egypt, driving the Egpytian forces back into Sinai.

38
Q

When, and why, did the Arab-Israeli end?

A

The war ended when armistice agreements were signed with all nations (except Iraq). The final ceasefire with Syria began on 20th July 1948.

39
Q

Why did Israel win the Arab-Israeli war?

A
  • The Israelis were more experienced fighters, many Haganah members had served with the British forces in WW2 and Irgun and Lehi had fought against the British
  • Arab forces all had separate leaders and failed to co-ordinate their attacks were as Israel had a clear military structure with regional commanders
  • The truce was crucial in allowing Israel to regroup and increase both forces and weapons
  • The USA used economic pressure to stop Britain supplying Arab states with weapons so they struggled to buy arms
  • The Arab states were over confident and so did not commit their entire armies – both sides did increase their armies during the war but Israel’s was still double the number of the Arab forces.
40
Q

How did Israel having more experienced fighters help Israel win the war?

A

The Israelis were more experienced fighters, many Haganah members had served with the British forces in WW2 and Irgun and Lehi had fought against the British.

41
Q

How did the Arab forces having separate leader help Israel win the war?

A

Arab forces all had separate leaders and failed to co-ordinate their attacks were as Israel had a clear military structure with regional commanders.

42
Q

Why was the truce crucial in helping Israel win the war?

A

The truce was crucial in allowing Israel to regroup and increase both forces and weapons.

43
Q

How did the USA help Israel win the war?

A

The USA used economic pressure to stop Britain supplying Arab states with weapons so they struggled to buy arms.

44
Q

How did the Arab states being over confident help Israel win the war?

A

The Arab states were overconfident and so did not commit their entire armies – both sides did increase their armies during the war but Israel’s was still double the number of the Arab forces.