Israel and Egypt 1967-1973

Question 1

Who succeeded Nasser in 1970, after he died?

Answer 1

Anwar Sadat.

Question 2

What were Sadat’s goals?

Answer 2

Sadat aimed to regain Sinai, improve foreign relations for economic growth, and make peace with Israel.

Question 5

What steps did Sadat take to improve relations with the USA?

Answer 5

Sadat expelled Soviet military advisers, attempting to improve relations with the USA, but this effort was overshadowed by the Munich Olympics incident.

Question 5

What promise did Sadat make regarding Syria?

Answer 5

Sadat pledged to assist Syria in recovering the Golan Heights from occupation.

Question 5

How did Sadat enhance Egyptian-Saudi relations?

Answer 5

Sadat made warm advances to Saudi Arabia, resulting in increased subsidies, low-interest loans, and arms purchases, reducing Egypt’s dependence on the USSR.

Question 5

What actions did Israel take regarding land in the West Bank, Gaza, and Golan Heights?

Answer 5

Israel confiscated land from Arabs in these areas and allocated it to Jews for the creation of Jewish settlements, leading to resentment among Palestinians.

Question 5

How did Israel handle individuals suspected of having links with terrorists?

Answer 5

Many Arabs were arrested without trial, jailed, or deported if suspected of having ties to terrorists.

Question 5

What measures were implemented in the West Bank and Gaza?

Answer 5

Military roadblocks were set up around these areas.

Question 5

What occurred in Jerusalem concerning Arabs?

Answer 5

Some Arabs were forcibly relocated from their homes in Jerusalem.

Question 6

How did Israel secure the Golan Heights?

Answer 6

Deep, steel bunkers were constructed to prevent a Syrian invasion, and Syrians who left during the Six-Day War were not allowed to return due to security concerns.

Question 7

What defensive structures were established in Sinai?

Answer 7

Israel erected a high wall along the Suez Canal, fortified with bunkers, mines, and barbed wire, to prevent Egyptian invasion.

Question 8

Why did Sadat plan a surprise attack on Yom Kippur?

Answer 8

Sadat believed that threatening Israel with a surprise attack on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism, would force them to negotiate.

Question 9

What was Egypt’s strategy during the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 9

Egypt launched a massive attack on the Suez Canal and invaded Sinai simultaneously with Syria’s attack on the Golan Heights, catching Israel off guard.

Question 10

What was the outcome of the initial stages of the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 10

Egypt, with superior numbers, recaptured the Golan Heights from Israel in 6 hours.

Question 11

When did Israel begin its counterattack in the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 11

Israel initiated its counterattack on October 8th, first against Syria and later against Egypt.

Question 12

How did Israel respond to the Egyptian advance across Sinai?

Answer 12

Israel’s victory in Sinai forced Egypt to retreat to the Suez Canal. Subsequently, Israeli forces crossed the canal, destroying SAM missile sites and invading Egypt.

Question 13

When did the UN call for a ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War, and how did Israel respond?

Answer 13

The UN called for a ceasefire on October 22nd, and Israel eventually agreed after pressure from the USA due to the oil embargo.

Question 14

Which countries provided military support to Egypt and Syria during the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 14

USSR supplied Egypt and Syria with anti-aircraft, anti-tank, and infrared fighting equipment.

Question 15

What action did the USA take to support Israel during the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 15

On October 15, the USA initiated a massive airlift of military equipment to assist Israel.

Question 16

What was the USSR’s response to the Yom Kippur War, and how did the USA react?

Answer 16

The USSR threatened to send troops to aid Egypt, prompting the USA to go on nuclear alert. The USSR backed down in response.

Question 17

How did other Arab countries attempt to influence the situation during the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 17

Other Arab countries imposed an oil embargo on the USA to pressure Israel into accepting the ceasefire.

Question 18

What impact did the Yom Kippur War have on Israel’s international reputation?

Answer 18

Israel’s international reputation suffered, with some attributing its victory to US support and mistakes by Egypt and Syria.

Question 19

What were the casualties and consequences for Egypt in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 19

Egypt suffered 30,000 casualties, lost SAM missile bases, and the Suez Canal remained unusable, affecting world trade.

Question 20

How did the Yom Kippur War impact the confidence and morale of Arab states, despite their loss?

Answer 20

The Arab states’ military confidence, morale, and international status improved as they performed well and came close to defeating Israel.

Question 21

What was the outcome for Anwar Sadat’s prestige following the Yom Kippur War?

Answer 21

Anwar Sadat’s prestige significantly increased within Arab states and globally, strengthening his position.

Question 22

What was the risk associated with the Yom Kippur War in terms of superpower involvement?

Answer 22

The war almost led to a nuclear conflict between superpowers, forcing increased attention to the Middle East.