The Contemporary World Bullets Flashcards
It is the process of expanding various sociocultural and socioecological processes from national to international and transcultural level.
Globalization
It is a measurement flows and interconnection of a country to other global players through exchanges in trade, capital, people and information.
Global Connected Index (GCI)
It refers to the barriers that prevent or makes it difficult for the movement of things.
Solidity
These are materials or substances that are created or modified by humans through various industrial processes. They do not exist naturally. Examples are Great Wall of China and Berlin Wall
Man-made solidity
Natural solids are materials or substances that occur in nature without significant human intervention. They form through geological, chemical, or biological processes. Examples are landforms and bodies of water.
Natural Solidity
It refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world.
Liquidity
It refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies and similar forms of government.
Homogeneity
It is one of the products of homogeneity in economic globalization.
Global Economic Crises
It emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flow.
Cultural differentialism
It is an approach that emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures. Globalization is considered to be a creative process which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not reducible to either the global or the local.
Cultural Hybridization
This approach stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows.
Cultural Convergence
This happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to destroy at least parts of another culture.
Cultural Imperialism
This means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specific geographic point of origin. It is an idea of John Tomlinson.
Deterritorialization
This refers to the expansion of national economies, the global market driven by modern technologies and institutional set ups that promote faster and easier flow of goods and capital.
Economic Globalization
This denotes that the economies of various countries are more interconnected from extraction, production, distribution, consumption, to disposal of goods and services.
Global Economy
These are global financial institutions that support a country’s economic growth trough support to governments and now other private sectors such as loans, and technical assistance
International Financial Institutions
It is an international organization with 183 member countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and exchange stability to foster economic growth and high employment and to provide short-term financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments adjustments.
International Monetary Fund
It is a system of nongovernment institutions that operates across geographical borders and organizes and mobilizes for a common issue or cause.
Global Civil Society
It is an enterprise that engages in activities which add value in more than one country.
Global Corporation
This is based on the theory of Wallerstein (1974) that recognizes that social, and economic change is not only endogenous to a country but is affected by its interaction with exogenous institutions.
World Systems Theory
It is a process of combining or increasing the interconnectivity of national economies to the regional or global economies.
Economic Integration
This refers to the statistical study of human populations. It examines the size, structure, and movements of populations over space and time.
Global Demography
This refers to the deterioration in environmental quality from ambient concentrations of pollutants and other activities and processes such as improper land use and natural disasters.
Environmental Degradation
This means delivering sufficient food to the entire world population. It is, therefore a priority of all countries.
Global Food Security
It is the result of companies trying to outmaneuver their competitors. While you search for the cheapest place to buy shoes, companies search for the cheapest place to make those shoes.
Economic and Trade Globalization
We can see how different nations are divided between the North and the South, developed and less developed and the core and the periphery. These differences mainly reflect one key aspect of inequality.
Globalization and Inequality
Two main types of economic inequality.
Wealth Inequality and Income Inequality
It refers to the net worth of a country.
Wealth
This may be natural, physical and human less the liabilities.
Assets of a Nation
It is the abundance of resources in a specific country.
Wealth
This peaks about distribution of assets. However, there is no widely recognized, monetary measure that sums up these assets.
Wealth inequality
This also contributed to worldwide income inequality. It complemented skilled workers but replaced many unskilled workers.
Access to Technology
In modernized economies, jobs are more technology-based, generally requiring new skills. Economkst referred to this as _______?
Skill-based Technological Change
A situation wherein the Industrial Revolution caused the differences among countries. Through this explosion industry and modern technology, some nations became economically developed while other were developing.
Economic Big Bang
This term refers to the capitalist, industrialized countries, within the western European and United States’ sphere of influence.
First World
This term refers to former communist-socialist, industrial states, the territory and sphere of influence of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (Soviet Union).
Second World
A country that is outdated and offensive term for developing nation characterized by a population with low and middle incomes and other socioeconomic indicators.
Third World
It is the imbalances in the distribution of power, economic resources and opportunities.
Racial Inequality
An urban centre that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. It examined the common characteristics of the world’s important cities.
Global City
This refers to the unequal distribution of resources among nations.
Global Stratification
This theory frames global stratification as a function of technological and cultural differences between nations. It specifically pinpoints two historical events that contributed to Western Europe developing at a faster rate than much of the rest of the world.
Modernization Theory
