the conjunctiva

Question 1

name the three layers of the conjunctiva?

Answer 1

1. PTF (precorneal-preconjunctival tear film)
2. Epithelium (with mucus producing goblet cells)
3. substantia propria (immunological process)

Question 2

describe the vessels supplying the conjunctiva?

Answer 2

prolific arterial blood supply
coming from the peripheral marginal eyelid and anterior ciliary arteries
1. superficial conjunctival vessels
2. deep conjunctival vessels

Question 3

forms of conjunctival injections?

Answer 3

1. conjunctival flush

2. ciliary flush

Question 4

what indications are there for conjunctival injections?

Answer 4

conjuntivitis

Question 5

what are the indications for pericorneal injections?

Answer 5

rosacea
corneal lesions near the limbus
foreign body
herpetic keratitis

Question 6

what are the indications for ciliary injection?

Answer 6

Episcleritis 
scleritis 
disciform keratitis 
iritis 
cyclitis

Question 7

what is a conjunctival dermatoid?

Answer 7

ectopic skin tissue in conjunctiva

congenital circumscribed overgrowth of microscopically normal tissue in an abnormal place

Question 8

aetiology of conjunctival dermatoid?

Answer 8

developmental abnormality (inherited in hereford cattle)

Question 9

treatment of conjunctival dermatoid?

Answer 9

surgery

• careful surgical conjunctivectomy and dissection down to bare sclera
• if the lesion extends into the cornea, combined conjunctivectomy and keratectomy
• new lateral cants created through H-plasty

Question 10

what is symblepharon?

Answer 10

permanent adhesion between adjacent conjunctival surfaces or between the conjunctiva and cornea

Question 11

in what species is symblepharon common?

Answer 11

young cats (foals)

Question 12

signs of symblepharon?

Answer 12

adhesions, cornea is covered by conjunctiva, inhibition of movement of the eyelids, inadequate widening of the palpebral fissure, impaired vision

Question 13

treatment of symblepharon?

Answer 13

complete US prior to surgery to assess the status of eyeball
remove adhesion from ocular surface

Question 14

what is conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 15

name the two types of conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

1. primary: without involvement of other ocular structures

2. secondary: sequel or other ocular or systemic systemic inflammation

Question 16

causes of primary conjunctivitis?

Answer 16

bacterial 
viral 
fungal 
parasitic 
allergic 
chemical 
traumatic

Question 17

appearance of primary conjunctivitis?

Answer 17

serous
mucoid 
mucopurulent 
purulent 
haemorrhage 
follicular

Question 18

clinical signs of conjunctivitis?

Answer 18

hyperaemia 
chemosis (bulging)
discharge 
haemorrhage 
follicle-formation (uneven surface)
Pruritis

Question 19

treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

topical, subconjunctival, and systemic ABs; topical NSAIDs
(diclofenac, chloramphenicol, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin)
warm compress and cleaning

Question 20

description of ocular thelasiasis?

Answer 20

Parasite: thelazia causing conjunctivitis

transmitted by flys

Question 21

treatment of ocular thelasiasis?

Answer 21

manual removal of the parasites

systemic anti-parasitic agents:
- Milbemycin

topical anti-parasitic agents:
- ivermectin

Question 22

when would you use special eyewash (EDTA)?

Answer 22

chemical conjunctivitis

Question 23

causes of conjunctivitis in cats?

Answer 23

1. herpes virus
2. chalamydia virus
3. mycoplasma

Question 24

diagnosis of conjunctivitis in cats?

Answer 24

difficult (PCR could be useful)

Question 25

treatment of herpes-conjunctivitis?

Answer 25

Famciclovir PO, ganciclovir drops, interferon PO/ drops, L-lysine PO
efficacy is questionable

Question 26

occurrence of tumours on conjunctiva?

Answer 26

in animals with hypo pigmented conjunctive are easily affected by the suns UV rays

Question 27

tumour development in cattle?

Answer 27

SCC (irregular surface) caused by hypo pigmentation and UV light effect

Question 28

tumour development in dogs?

Answer 28

Papilloma (virus)
melanoma 
fibroma 
fibrosarcoma 
haemangioma 
haemangiosarcoma

Question 29

treatment of tumours in LA?

Answer 29

depends on the value of the animal usually extirpation (complete removal of the organ)

Question 30

tumour treatment in small animals?

Answer 30

surgery (H plasty)
oncotherapy
enucleation