Orbital diseases and enucleation in small animals

Question 1

diagnostic methods of orbit?

Answer 1

Inspection - ORAL CAVITY (don't forget this)
Palpation 
ophthalmoscopy 
X-ray, US, CT, MRI
guided aspiration of orbital contents

Question 2

what is proptosis?

Answer 2

sudden displacement of the eye globe from the bony orbit

brachycephalic smaller forces (80%)

Question 3

therapy of proptosis?

Answer 3

Poor prognosis (20% remain visual)
surgery:
- reposition
- removal of the eye globe (transconjunctival enucleation)

Question 4

methods of removal of the eye globe?

Answer 4

transconjunctival enucleation
transpalpebral enucleation
Extirpation/ exenteration

Question 5

indications for enucleation?

Answer 5

intraocular neoplasia
severe perforating ocular trauma with disruption and loss of ocular contents
uncontrollable endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis
intractable intractable ocular pain, especially glaucomas

Question 6

when would you use transconjunctival enucleation?

Answer 6

used only in dogs and cats

indication: proptosis

Question 7

what is important to consider when carrying out transconjunctival enucleation?

Answer 7

traction must not be placed on the nerve, nor should it be twisted because this can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness in the opposite eye