The condition of the Church, c.1500-1517 Flashcards
Who said, and in what year,: “he who denies that the secular sword is in the power of Peter does not understand the words of the Lord”?
Pope Boniface VIII in 1302
What was historian Richard Southern’s view of the medieval church?
“It had all the apparatus of the state: laws and law courts, taxes and tax collectors, and a great administrative machine.”
What did Italian humanist Lorenzo Valla (1407-57) discover?
The Donation of Constantine (a document declaring that Constantine the Great had granted Pope Sylvester I the power to govern the western Roman Empire) was a forgery.
What was the Church’s only sanction?
Excommunication, which relied on the cooperation of Europe’s princes
What did Pope Nicholas V (1447-55) do to make Rome a worthy headquarters for the Church?
Had a massive rebuilding project, was a patron of the arts and sciences, and planned to build a new basilica.
How did Pius II (1458-64), Sixtus IV (1471-84) and Alexander VI (1492-1503) build on Nicholas V (1447-55)’s legacy?
Pius II was a man of learning and a distinguished humanist. Sixtus VI established the Vatican Library. Alexander VI contributed much to the completion of the Vatican.
When was Charles VIII’s march to Naples, where he used the Papal States as a route for his armies?
1494, during Alexander VI’s pontificate
What was the Sacra Rota?
The Supreme Court for ecclesiastical cases and the sovereign law court for the Papal States.
When did Emperor Frederick III sign a concordat with the Pope to gain greater control over ecclesiastical offices?
1448
How did Pope Eugenius IV secure support from the princes in the HRE?
By allowing them to collect papal taxes
What did Pope Boniface VIII say in his 1302 papal bull ‘Unam sanctum’?
“Outside this Church there is no salvation or remission of sins.”
What were the dates of the Great Schism? What did it emerge from? How was it ‘resolved’?
Began in 1378 with the rival papal elections of Urban VI and Clement VII. Ended with the election of Martin V at the Council of constance in 1417
Which conciliar decree noted the expectation that popes had to summon Councils regularly, at least once every ten years?
Frequens (1417)
What was the most printed book in the 15th century?
The Latin Bible
What is the order of the seven sacraments?
1) Baptism; 2) Confirmation; 3) Communion; 4) Matrimony; 5) Ordination; 6) Confession; 7) Extreme unction.
Where was the teaching of transubstantiation formalised? What was said?
At the Fourth Lateran Council: “His body and blood are truly contained in the sacrament of the altar under the forms of bread and wine, the bread na wine having been changed in substance, by God’s power, into his body and blood.”
When and where was the existence of purgatory decreed an article of faith?
The Council of Florence in 1437
What did Devotio Moderna emphasise?
Rigorous prayer, meditation and spiritual note-taking
When and where was Jan Hus burned?
1415 Council of Constance
How many copies of indulgences was a Barcelona printer commissioned to print for the Benedictine abbey of Montserrat in 1498?
18,000
How many pilgrims were recorded in a single week in Munich in 1392?
60,000
How many pilgrim badges were sold in Einsiedeln in a fortnight in 1466?
130,000
What was the levels of literacy in cities?
10-30%
What was the levels of literacy nationally?
5%
