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the cold war key topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what was agreed at the Tehran conference (1943)?

A
  1. the usa and britain would open up a second front in France (helps ussr on eastern front)
  2. Stalin would declare war on Japan once the war ended
  3. The UN was agreed to be set up
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2
Q

what agreements were made at the Yalta conference (feb 1945)?

A
  1. Germany split into 4 zones
  2. Germany to pay $20bn reparations
  3. free elections in eastern europe
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3
Q

what agreements were made at the Potsdam conference (july 1945)?

A
  1. Berlin would also be separated into 4 zones
  2. Germanys reparations would be mainly to the ussr
  3. Democracy would be established in Germany
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4
Q

what were the 3 conferences?

A
  1. Tehran (1943)
  2. Yalta (1945)
  3. Potsdam (1945)
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5
Q

what remaining tensions were left after the Potsdam conference?

A
  1. Stalin wanted Germany to pay massive reparations - Truman wanted them to recover
  2. Stalin wanted a communist government in eastern europe, not demoratic
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6
Q

what were the 4 key reasons which led to the end of the wartime alliance?

A
  1. The atomic bomb (1945)
  2. The long and Novikov telegrams (1946)
  3. The iron curtain speech (1946)
  4. The creation of satellite states
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7
Q

give 2 ways the atomic bomb increased tensions between the US and USSR

A
  1. Stalin created a buffer zone to protect the ussr
  2. Stalin was spurred to create their own atomic bomb- starting the arms race
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8
Q

what did the Long telegram state and lead to?

A
  1. The USSR was dangerous and should be seen as a rival by the US
  2. This led to many policies by Truman such as the Truman doctrine
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9
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine state?

A

The US would send aid to countries surrounded by the USSR- to contain the spread of communism

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10
Q

what 2 things did the Novikov telegram state?

A
  1. The US would use their military power to dominate the world
  2. The US would not work with the USSR after Roosevelts death
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11
Q

what did the Iron Curtain speech (1946) state and lead to?

A
  1. The USSR was a threat to freedom in eastern europe
  2. The USA and UK should form an alliance to prevent further soviet expansion

this led to increased tension as the USSR saw this as provacative

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12
Q

give 2 ways how satellite states increased tension between the US and USSR

A
  1. Truman saw this as evidence the USSR wanted to spread communism
  2. this partly led to the Truman Doctrine
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13
Q

what leaders met at the Potsdam conference?

A

Truman
Atlee
Stalin

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14
Q

how much aid was offered to europe in the Marshall plan?

financial plan in the Truman Doctrine

A

$17bn offered in forms of cash, machinery, food etc

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15
Q

what did Stalin do to combat The Marshall plan?

A

Cominform- a political body to control the satellite states. Ensured they followed communist policies and economic ideas
Comecon- A plan to provide financial help to communist countries. encouraged trade only with comecon members.

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16
Q

1948

why did Stalin perform the Berlin blockade?

A

in order to starve the allies out of Berlin so he could convert it to communist

17
Q

1948-9

what was Operation Vittles?

A

an allied operation where supplies were airlifted into west Berlin in response to the Berlin blockade

18
Q

1949

What state did the allies form in response to the Berlin blockade?

A

The Federal republic of Germany (FRG)

19
Q

1949

what state did Stalin form in response to the allies forming the FRG?

A

the German Democratic Republic
(GDR)

20
Q

1949

What was the aim of NATO and what did they agree?

A
  1. to stop the spread of communism
  2. if a member of NATO was attacked, they would all go to war
21
Q

what did the USSR set up in response to NATO?

A

The Warsaw Pact

22
Q

what does the acronym MAD stand for?

A

Mutually
Assured
Destruction

23
Q

why was MAD important throughout the cold war?

A

as both the allies and USSR understood they would both be destroyed if war broke out- acting as a deterrent

24
Q

What were the aims of Eisenhower becoming president for the US? (1952)

A
  1. stop communism spreading
  2. improve relations with the Soviets
25
Q

What did Kruschev state once he became leader of the USSR?(1956)

Stalin died in 1953

A

there should be peaceful co-existence between the US and USSR

26
Q

who was rakosi?

A

the hungarian communist leader after ww2

27
Q

why was rakosi disliked?

A

poor political control and economic hardship

28
Q

why did khruschev replace rakosi with nagy?

A

he felt nagy would reform communism and make it more popular

29
Q

give 2 of nagys reforms

A
  1. end the one party system
  2. encourage freedom of speech
30
Q

what led to krushchev invading hungary?

A

nagy announced they were leaving the warsaw pact, kruschev had to make an example

20,000 rebels were killed as a result

31
Q

who replaced nagy after the invasion?

A

kadar

32
Q

give 2 consequences of the hungarian uprising

A
  1. usa looked weak (they did not support hungary)
  2. ussr stronger than ever (satellite states knew they had to obey)

history (11 decks)

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