medicine Flashcards
what are some things believed to cause disease in medieval medicine?
God, Witches and spirits, Astrology, miasma
What is a printing press?
A machine that performed early printing(made in 1440)
What did galen do?
Came up with the theory of opposites and discovered arteries carry blood.
What did Hippocrates do?
Came up with the idea of observing how the body works before trying to treat it and trying to use natural medicines. Furthermore, he invented the theory of the 4 humors.
What were the 4 humours?
black bile
yellow bile
phlegm
blood
What time period was a lot of medieval medicine based off?
Ancient Rome and Greece
What were the main Medieval “doctors”
Normal doctors and Barber surgeons- neither had medical training
What is an apothecary?
A medieval person who sold medicine
Whose ideas did medieval doctors follow?
Galen and Hippocrates.
Were human dissections allowed during the medieval time?
No, the Church banned any human dissection aside from executed criminals. This meant many discoveries (such as Galens) could not be proved wrong.
What was the anesthetic field like during medieval surgery?
They had none, only natural ones that would slightly numb the pain existed, however high does could kill people and surgery was still extremely painful.
What was infection like during Medieval surgery?
There was very limited understanding of what caused diseases and infection, therefore many doctors would help infect wounds thinking it was helping. e.g putting pus in a wound.
What were the 3 main issues with medieval surgery?
Pain
Infection
Blood loss
Why was the printing press Important in the Renaissance?
It allowed people to spread new research and discoveries very easily and cheaply.
When was human dissection first put into common practice?
During the Renaissance- allowing more accurate illustrations and records.
What did Vesalius do?
He used dissections to show that Galen was wrong. Furthermore, he released ‘the fabric of the human body’ which reached many physicians internationally. This inspired more doctors to do dissections.
What did William Harvey do?
Came up with the theory that blood circulated and the heart pumped it around.
What was The Royal Society?
They sponsored scientists to research and print findings about physics, botany, astronomy and medicine. The Royal society helped to spread new ideas.
What were some treatment advances in the Renaissance?
Hospitals began to treat patients, not just care for.
There were a lot of towns with pharmacies.
Books were published about how to treat illness at home.
What were some remedies for the great plague?
Moving to the countryside.
smoking.
bloodletting via leeches.
using animals such as snakes to draw out poison.
the great fire of London.
What period did the number of hospitals spike?
The Renaissance
When was the first college for physicians made?
early 16th century (1518)
What happened to doctors and barber-surgeons during the Renaissance?
Doctors became professional surgeons who were well-paid and studied.
Barber surgeons were still unqualified and not very well respected.
When were blood types discovered?
1900
What was discovered in 1914 relating to storing blood?
Adding sodium citrate would stop it clotting while storing it.
When were x rays discovered?
1895
What did Marie Curie develop during the first world war?
Mobile X ray machines
when was aspirin and insulin first made?
a= 1899
i=1921
What was the impact on penicillin due to ww2
it rapidly became mass-produced
what were medicinal advances due to ww1 and 2?
plastic surgery
blood transfusions
penicillin
mobile x ray machines
what is penicillin?
the first antibiotic
When were anesthetics developed?
half way of 19th century
Who developed vaccination?
alexander flemming
Who discovered the Germ theory?
Louis Pasteur
