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Psychology of emotion & cognition > The Cognitive Revolution > Flashcards

The Cognitive Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavioral measures

A
  1. accuracy
  2. reaction time
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2
Q

Physiological measures

A
  1. invasive (single-cell, lesions)
  2. non- invasive (imaging, eg; MRI, fMRI)
  3. post-mortem
  4. clinical (brain injury/trauma)
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3
Q

Experiments measuring accuracy

A
  • Ebbinhaus’s Savings experiment
  • Roediger and Karicke
  • letter span task
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4
Q

Experiments measuring reaction time

A
  • stroop test
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5
Q

Action potentials

A
  • they are nerve impulses
  • all or nothing
  • frequency = strength
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6
Q

Human brain anatomy

A
  • frontal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe
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7
Q

Temporal lobe

A

receives signals from sound

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8
Q

Occipital lobe

A

receiving area for vision

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9
Q

Parietal lobe

A

receiving area for the skin sense; touch, temperature and pain

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10
Q

Frontal lobe

A

coordination of information

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11
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

machine that allows you to take pictures of the different anatomy of your body: bones, muscles, organs, etc

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12
Q

Limitation of MRIs for cognitive psychology

A

takes pictures of the anatomy but it doesn’t shows how the anatomy is working

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13
Q

Functional magnetic resonance iamging (fMRI)

A

measures small changes in blood flow associated with the brain activity - detects changes in the brain’s blood oxygenation levels that occur in response to neural activity

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14
Q

Feature of fMRI

A

high spatial resolution, poorer temporal resolution

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15
Q

EEG

A

measures electrical activity in the brain

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16
Q

ERP

A

measures changes in the ongoing EEG activity due to an output

17
Q

Feature of EEGs and ERPs

A

high temporal resolution, poorer spatial resolution

18
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

left frontal lobe
loss of connectors, limited fluency, reduced output overall

19
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

left temporal lobe
fluent but meaningless, made-up or misused words

20
Q

2 methodological approaches to figure out mental processes

A
  1. ruling out alternatives
  2. the subtraction method
21
Q

Ruling out alternative experiment

A

Korsokof’s patients experiment

22
Q

Donders

A

study of the time course of mental processes through subtractive method

23
Q

Subtractive method

A

each stage receives information from the previous stage, transforms the information, sends the information to the next stage
calculate the cost of the inhibition on processing
allows to draw inferences about the mental processes given 3 assumptions

24
Q

Subtractive method example

A

Stroop test

25
Q

Donder’s method key contributions

A

identify & measure mental processes indirectly
reaction time procedure

26
Q

Donder’s method criticism

A

assumption of stages
assumption of additivity
assumption of pure insertion

27
Q

Assumption of stages

A

assumes you already know what the stages are
underestimate decision time
overestimate decision time

28
Q

Assumption of additivity

A

the duration of all stages add together to yield the reaction time
underestimates decision time
stages might operate in parallel therefore only take into account part of the decision/detection time

29
Q

Assumption of pure insertion

A

all stages remain the same when the new one is added
overestimate decision time

30
Q

What method does PET use

A

the subtraction technique

31
Q

What method does MRI & fMRI use

A

subtraction technique

32
Q

3 types of pseudo-science

A

mesmerism, physiognomy, phrenology

33
Q

mesmerism

A

humors were key to health & carried magnetic charge
- earth
- fire
- air
- water

34
Q

physiognomists

A

contours of the face revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics

35
Q

phrenology

A

the shape of a persons skull revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics

36
Q

Mesmerism legacy

A

MRI machine
magnets to move humor

37
Q

Physiognomy legacy

A

Ekman

38
Q

Phrenology legacy

A

Broadman’s area

Psychology of emotion & cognition (8 decks)

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