History of emotions

Question 1

William James

Answer 1

bodily arousal produces emotions

Question 2

Walter Cannon

Answer 2

bodily arousal and emotion occur at the same time
refutes james-langer theory

Question 3

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 3

two routes for emotional expression
1. arousal produces emotional expressions and can be produced by subcortical processing
2. cortical processing is required for producing emotional feelings and emotional consciousness

Question 4

The Ancients famous thinkers

Answer 4

Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Stoics, Galen

Question 5

Democritus

Answer 5

emotions interferes with reason

Question 6

Plato

Answer 6

emotions separate from reason and linked to the body
reason masters emotions

Question 7

Aristotle

Answer 7

linked to organ body, presupposes reason

Question 8

Stoics

Answer 8

causes changes in the body
interfere with reasons
2 types of emotions

Question 9

Stoics’ 3 acceptable expression of emotion

Answer 9

Joy, caution, wish

Question 10

Galen

Answer 10

linked with biology
types of emotions

Question 11

According to the Ancients, what are emotions?

Answer 11

• interferes with reason
• separate from reason
• presupposes reason

Question 12

According to the Ancients, what creates emotion?

Answer 12

• linked to the body
• linked to organ in body
• causes changes in the body
• linked with biology

Question 13

According to the Ancients, what is the nature of emotion?

Answer 13

there are two+ types

Question 14

The Renaissance, famous thinkers

Answer 14

Rene Descartes

Question 15

Rene Descartes

Answer 15

emotions arise from the soul’s contact with the body, brain & body
emotions are distinct, primary vs secondary
emotions motivate, have a purpose

Question 16

Rene Descartes mechanism

Answer 16

External/internal stimulus –> activate the spirits –> mechanical action –> stirs pineal gland & moves the soul

Question 17

The Moderns, famous thinkers

Answer 17

James Lange, Walter Cannon, Stanley Schachter, Jerome Singer

Question 18

James Lange

Answer 18

Bodily arousal produces emotions

Question 19

Walter Cannon

Answer 19

refutes James Lange
physiological arousal not necessary to emotional feelings or consciousness
two routes to emotions
1. arousal produces emotional expression in subcortical
2. cortical processing required to produce emotional feelings

Question 20

Schachter - Singer cognitive arousal theory

Answer 20

2 necessary for feeling & emotion
1. thought
2. bodily arousal
physiological arousal occurs first
physiological reactions need to be congitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion

Question 21

Problems with Schachter - Singer theory

Answer 21

• failures in replication
• no evidence of bodily feedback is necessary for emotion
• sometimes emotions are experienced before we think about them

Question 22

Mechanism of the Schachter - Singer theory

Answer 22

1. i see a bear
2. hear racing + trembling (physiological arousal)
3. rapid heart rate & trembling are caused by fear (awareness & attribution)
4. i am frightened (feel emotion)

Question 23

Contributions of Schachter Singer theory

Answer 23

1. useful extension of J-L theory
2. supported notion cognitive evaluations are important
3. provided a mechanism through which unspecific bodily arousal could produce the various emotions we feel