The CNS: An Introduction Flashcards
You can divide the nervous system into two anatomical regions, what are they?
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
You can divide the nervous system into three physiological regions, what are they?
Somatic Nervous System
(body wall)
Autonomic Nervous System (visceral)
Enteric Nervous System
Sensory neurons are also known as?
Afferent neurones
What are the two types of Afferent neurons?
Somatic afferents (external stimuli)
Visceral afferents (internal stimuli)
Motor neurons are also known as?
Efferent neurones
What are the two types of Efferent neurons?
Somatic efferents (voluntary i.e. skeletal)
Visceral efferents (involuntary, i.e. smooth and cardiac muscle)
In the CNS, what does the grey or white matter signify?
Grey matter: Cell bodies
White matter: Axons
What are the four basic neuron types?
Bipolar (interneuron)
Unipolar (sensory neuron)
Multipolar (motor neuron)
Pyrimidal cells
What are the three coverings of the brain? Inside to out?
Pia
Arachnoid
Dura
Out of the three layers (Pia, arachoid and dura), where will you find CSF?
Subarachnoid space
The dura mater is comprised of two layers, what are they called?
Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
What is located immediately inferior to the Pons?
Medulla Oblongata
What is located immediately inferior to the Midbrain?
Pons
What is the name given to the embryonic cerebrum?
Telencephalon
What is the name given to the embryonic thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus?
Diencephalon
Telencephalon + Diencephalon = ??
Prosencephalon
What is the name given to the embryonic cerebellum and brainstem (hind-brain)?
Rhombencephalon
What is the name given to the embryonic midbrain?
Mesencephalon
Is there an extradural space in the skull?
No, the dura is firmly attached to the skull bone, however there is an extradural space in the spine
How many spinal rootlets are there?
31
Each spinal nerve splits into two once it exits the spinal cord. What are both structures called?
Posterior (dorsal) primary ramus
Anterior (ventral) primary ramus
In the spinal cord, where are the grey and white matters located?
Grey = inside White = outside
In the bran, where are the grey and white matters located?
Grey = outside White = inside
The 10th cranial nerve is known as?
The Vagus nerve
What is a plexus?
A branching network of vessels or nerves
What is a dermatome?
An area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve
What is a myotome?
A group of muscles that is mainly supplies by a single spinal nerve
