THE CIVIL WAR

Question 1

KEY EVENTS

Answer 1

• Yudenich led White army from west. Nearly captured Petrograd BUT defeated by RA in Oct 1919
• Red Army fought a green army of peasants who wanted freedom from govern
• Denikin led army from south to Moscow but were forced to retreat by Reds 1920
• Kolchak led whites from East but beaten by Reds 1919

Question 2

IMPACTS OF CIVIL WAR

Answer 2

• The Cheka hunted down any suspected enemies and executed them
• Red deserters were shot.
• Strengthened Bolsheviks belief in their revolution
• strengthened Bolsheviks belief in highly organised control
• Bolsheviks feared foreign invasion

Question 3

BOLSHEVIK STRENGTHS IN CW

Answer 3

• Trotsky led Reds and reintroduced discipline
• effective propaganda, constant message that only bolsheviks would look after Russia
• tactical alliances (X fight everyone at once)
• control of most Russian industries
• control of central Russia (shorter distances to supply army)
• war communism (tackled economic crisis)
• conscription built army up to powerful fighting force

Question 4

ROLE OF TROTSKY

Answer 4

• organised mobilisation of Red Army into fighting force
• realised needed ex-tsarist officers - kept families hostage to ensure loyalty
• commissars kept strict discipline & spread Bols propaganda
• encouraged to read/write
• introduced Socialist Military Oath (encourage loyalty)

Question 5

Foreign intervention

Answer 5

• Brits,French, Japanese sent to help Whites, defend allied weapons dumps
• helped whites for awhile BUT made them seem stronger than they really were
• used FI as propaganda, urged Russians to help Reds / prevent FI

Question 6

WHITE WEAKNESSES

Answer 6

• FI to help Whites was gift to Red propaganda
  -less whites than reds
• No single leader (competed with each other)
• X SHARE SAME AIMS - disagreed ab how to run Russia
• not popular with peasants and workers
• not control many indust areas
• X large populations
• VERY SPREAD OUT - supplying whites was hard