AGRICULTURE/COLLECTIVISATION

Question 1

REASONS FOR COLLECTIVISATION

Answer 1

• Marx taught communism was built by proletarian workers
• concerns ab NEP, favoured individual peasants selling grain for profit
• Bukharin supported the NEP
• Without cheap grain, Soviet industry was plating under NEP
• grain production started to fall

Question 2

PROBLEMS OF NEP

Answer 2

• many in party hated that kulaks were benefiting most from NEP
• NEP encouraging capitalism
• agriculture not modernising, yields were still low
  X tractors
• 27-28 grain procurement crisis, not enough grain collected to field urban soviets

Question 3

ORGANISATION OF COLLECTIVES

Question 4

SUCCESS OF COLLECTIVISATION

Answer 4

• 83% of arable land , 64% of peasant households had been collectivised.
• MTS brought more mechanisation to farming
• more young people went to agri school
• rationing of bread ended by 1934
• USSR increased grain exports to other countries, earned USSR money to invest

Question 5

FAILURES

Answer 5

• peasants who had destroyed their crops in famine, livestock had nothing to eat.
• liquidation of kulaks, policy killed our removed many of the most experienced soviets
• allowed Kolkhoz peasants to keep their own private plots
• there were too few tractors, most were poorly made

Question 6

MOTIVES FOR INDUSTRIALISATION

Answer 6

• USSR needed to follow that socialist countries would be industrial countries
• Stalin’s rival was against rapid industrialisation
• scissor crisis, as food prices dropped, peasants had less money to buy manufactured goods.

Question 7

FIVE YEAR PLANS

Answer 7

FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN
- focused on increasing output of heavy industry (steel-making)
SECOND
- increased output of heavy industry but with greater efficiency
THIRD
- increase of military production, improvements to education

Question 8

GOSPLAN

Answer 8

• responsible for setting targets for all key industries to meet
• set up new factories + organising new ones
• pressure put on managers and workers to deliver targets on quantity X quality
• if met targets, higher wages

Question 9

STAKHANOVITE MOVEMENT

Answer 9

• famous for mining 14x his quota
• soviet propaganda made him a celebrity and encouraged workers to become stakhanovites.

Question 10

FAILURES OF INDUSTRIALISATION

Answer 10

• some production depended on slave labour
• factory conditions were dangerous
• living conditions didn’t improve

Question 11

SUCCESSES

Answer 11

• fully industrialised nation
• increase in weaponry - able to repel German invasion
• supply of raw materials increased